-
What are the Six Major PR Eras?
- Seedbed Era (1900-1917)/World War I (1917-1919)
- The Booming 20s (1919-1929)
- The FDR Era (1930-1945)
- Post War (1945-1965)
- Global Information Society (1965-today
-
Pre-Seedbed Era (1865-1900) is characterized by?
- characterized by
- Rapid industrial growth
- Monopolies
- “Public be damned” attitude
- Protect company at all cost
- Guard release of information
- Pit management against employees
-
Pioneered corporate public relations with A&T
Theodore N. Vail
-
Who created first corporate PR department?
George Westinghouse
-
Who excelled at creating events and using press to mold opinion?
Amos Kendall
-
Who understood the necessity for improving relationships between corporations and public?
Theodore N. Vail
-
Considered by some first presidential press secretary?
Amos Kendall
-
"A sucker is born every minute."
P,T. Barnum
-
"Founder of modern PR"
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
-
First president to exploit news media as a new powerful tool of presidential leadership.
Theodore Roosevelt
-
"First public relations counsel"
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
-
Press agent. Used media to drum up publicity. *Ethically challenged*
P.T. Barnum
-
US Postmaster General under Jackson and Van Buren
Amos Kendall
-
Created "Declaration of Principles" issued to journalists
- supply accurate news to press promptly and ensure company's work is open and transparent.
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
-
Among first to recognize publicity needs to be supported by good works
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
-
World War 1 (1917- 1919)
- Bernays Period: Public be informed.
- The war to end all wars.
- PR Trend: Organized promotion. Promote patriotism. Use interest groups.
- Key PR figure: George Creel
-
What is the Publicity Bureau?
- US’s first publicity agency and forerunner of modern PR firm
- established in Boston in 1900
- Used tools of fact-finding, publicity and personal contacts to saturate media with railroad propaganda
- Harvard College was its most prestigious client
-
Who is the chairman of WWI Committee on Public Information?
George Creel
-
Public relations icon: Coined "public relations counsel" term
Edward Bernays
-
AT&T VP of Public Relations, 1927-1946
Arthur Page
-
Used publicity to mobilize public
George Creel
-
Wrote the first PR book: Crystallizing Public Opinion
Edward Bernays
-
First PR pro to serve on a corporate board of directors
Arthur Page
-
Started "Four Minutemen" spokespersons form key opinion leader groups
George Creel
-
Taught first PR course at New York University
Edward Bernays
-
Helped set standard for corporate PR as a management function
Arthur Page
-
Creel Committee secured media space to promote Liberty Bond investment
George Creel
-
First to call himself PR professional
Edward Bernays
-
'company's performance would be determined by its public reputation
Arthur Page
-
The Booming 20s (1919-1929)
- Bernays Period: Mutual understanding
- PR Trend: Promoting products. WWI publicity techniques used for social science.
- Key PR figures: Edward Bernays: Crystallizing Public Opinion ‘23; Propaganda ’28Arthur Page: Performance = Reputation
-
The FCR Era (1930-1945)
- Bernays Period: Social responsibility, mass publicity. Depression. WWII.
- PR Trend: Mass media.
- Key PR figures:Louis McHenry Howe: responsible performance; persuasive publicityElmer Davis: Office of War Info.FDR: “Fireside Chats”
-
Nephew of Sigmund Freud
Used crowd psychology techniques to persuade audiences his clients’ messages supported their values.
Staged media events and used opinion leaders to sway opinion
Edward Bernays
-
Louis McHenry Howe
- PR adviser to FDR until he died
- Helped FDR develop concept of “Fireside Chats”
- Recognized that mutually beneficial public relationships could be built by coupling responsible performance with persuasive publicity
-
Elmer Davis
- Director of WWII Office of War Information
- Pioneered widespread use of radio, Hollywood and media to publicize war effort
-
Post War (1945-1965)
- Bernays Period: Professionalism. Post-war service economy, consumerism
- PR Trend: Credibility, associations form (PRSA), Code of Ethics written, College curricula develop, TV
- Key PR Figures:Rex Harlow: PRSA
-
Global Information Society (1965-today)
- Bernays Period: Mutual adjustment
- PR Trend: Accommodation. Systems Theory. Management by Objective. Functional vs. Functionary Approach. Technology
- Key PR figure:Marshall McLuhan: Canadian educator, understanding media, “global village,” “the medium is the message.”
-
Rex Harlow
- “Founder of public relations research
- ”Probably first full-time PR educator
- Founded the American Counsel on Public Relations
- -Through mergers of other organizations ultimately became PRSA in 1947
|
|
