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Pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
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Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
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Agonist
drug attaches to receptor site and activates the receptor; the drug has an action similar to the body's own chemicals, and the chemical response is usu good.
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Antagonist
Drug attaches at drug receptor site, but then remains chemically inactive; no chemical drug response is produced but the drug prevents activation of the receptor.
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Partial Agonist
Drug attaches at receptor site, but only a slight chemical action is produced.
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Absorption
involves the way a drug enters the body and passes into bodily fluids and tissues. takes place through preocesses of diffusion, filtration, and osmosis.
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Solubility
the ability of a medication to dissolve
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Enteral
directly into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through oral, nasogastric tube, or rectal administration.
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Parenteral
directly into dermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular tissue, epidurally into the cerebrospinal fluid, or into the bloodstream through intravenous (IV) injections
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Percutaneous
through topical (skin), sublingual (under tongue), buccal (against the cheek), or inhalation (breathing)
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Distribution
the ways that drugs move by means of circulating body fluids to their sites of action in the body.
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Diffusion
movement from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
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Osmosis
the diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane; the flow is primarily from the less dense solution to the more dense solution.
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Filtration
the passage of a substance through a filter or through a material that prevents passage if certain molecules
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Biotransformation
when medications are broken down into smaller usable parts, primarily in the liver, through a series of complex chemical reactions until they become chemically inactive
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first-pass
when most of the medicine goes very quickly to the liver, a lot medication is inactivated
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Excretion
when all inactive chemicals, chemical by-products, and waste (metabolites) finally break down through metabolism and are removed from the body
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Half-life
the lenght of time it takes for a drug to metabolize and be excreted
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Idiosyncratic responses
strange, unique, or unpredicted responses to a drug
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Hypersensitivity
an increased reaction to a drug
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Anaphylactic response
life-threatening reaction to a drug
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Allergic response
an antigen-antibody reaction to a drug. the body develops hives, rash, itching, or swelling.
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