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biochem lesson 35.txt

  1. What are the basic building blocks of life?
    Fatty Acids
  2. How many fatty acids can triacylglycerol
    store?
    3
  3. What are the five lipids?
    “Feed the pig stale greens”
    • 1) Fatty Acids
    • 2) Triacylglycerides
    • 3) Phospholipids
    • 4) Steroids
    • 4) Glycolipids
  4. What percentage of calories should be from fat?
    25%-35%
  5. What percentage of the dietary lipids should be essential
    fatty acids?
    25%
  6. Where can you find omega-6 and omega-3 F.A.s?
    • 6 = plant oils
    • 3 = fish oils
  7. Name the stages of digestion and absorption?
    • 1) mouth/saliva
    • 2) Stomach
    • 3) pancreatic enzymes for SI release
    • 4) small intestine
    • 5) enterocyte absorption
    • 6) resynthesis of lipids in enterocytes
    • 7) sent out to tissues via chylomicrons
  8. Name the steps of hormone mediation during lipid
    digestion?
    • 1) Lipid to stomach
    • 2) CCK released
    • - slow down absorption
    • - allow pancreatic enzymes to be released
    • - allow bile salts to be released
    • - satiety b/c of CNS
    • 3) Secretin released b/c of low pH from stomach
    • - stimulates bicarb release from pancreas
  9. What is the function fo a lipase?
    Chemical to catalyze hydrolysis of FA from lipids
  10. Which TAG does not require bile salts?

    -Short
    -Medium
    -Long
    Short and Medium if less than 20 carbons
  11. What are the two structures formed from Bile Salts?
    • 1) Emulsion
    • 2) Mixed Micelles
  12. What do emulsion droplets do?
    • suspend lipid
    • prevent coalescence of lipid
    • allow for digestion
  13. How does Pancreatic Lipase function?
    • 1) Colipase anchors pancreatic lipase to
    • emulsion
    • 2) PL functions as long as pH is below 7.0
    • 3) PL removes 2 FAs
    • 4) TAG to 2-MAGs

    • ***without bile salts to emulsify and colipase to
    • anchor, pancreatic lipase could not function
  14. What are the four products generated from lipases?
    • 1) FA
    • 2) Vitamen ADEK
    • 3) 2- MAG
    • 4) Cholesterol
  15. What are the two chemicals that can be used to compete with Cholesterol for entrance into mixed micelles?
    • 1) Stanol
    • 2) Sterol
  16. Do long chain FA require carrier proteins to cross membrane?
    Yes
  17. What is the fucntion of Ezetimibe (zetia)?
    block membrane carrier for absorption to lower serum cholesterol
  18. What causes lipid malabsorption?
    • Bile sale deficiency
    • pancreatic enzyme deficiency
    • malabsorption
  19. What drug would you give a person who lacks pancreatic eznymes?
    Creon-5
  20. What drug is prescribed to keep fat in the stools so a person can lose weight?
    Orlistat (can cause steatorrhea)
  21. How are TAGs resynthesized in the enterocytes by 2-MAGs?
    • 1) long-chain FA activated by fatty acyl CoA synthetase (thiokinase)
    • 2) TAG Synthase: Catalyzes synthesis of TAG from 2-MAGs and 2 fatty acyl CoA
    • 3) TAG sent to Chylomicron for shipping
  22. How is the cholesterol ester formed?
    • 1) Fatty acyl CoA Synthase (thiokinase) converts long-chain FA to fatty acyl CoA
    • 2) One FA CoA reacts with cholesterol to form cholesterol ester
  23. What are the main constituents of chylomicrons?
    • TAGs
    • Cholesterol esters
    • Phospholipid
  24. Lipoprotein = chylomicron
    • Surface:
    • 1) monolayer of phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol
    • 2) Apoliproteins
    • Interior:
    • 1) TAGs
    • 2) Cholesterol esters
  25. How long should you fast before giving blood to test lipid levels?
    12 hours
  26. Process of Chylomicron release?
    • - released to lacteals via calcium-mediated exocytosis
    • - travel in lymphatics
    • - enter blood
  27. How does Lipoprotein lipase function on chylomicrons?
    • 1) LL in glycocalyx binds CM
    • 2) hyrolyses CM if there is apcCII on the CM membrane
    • 3) FA released for fuel in muscles and storage in adipose
    • 4) Glycerol sent to Liver
    • 5) remaining CM sent to Liver with contents of cholesterol, remaining TAG, fat-soluble vitamins
  28. Insulin and TAG synthesis (Lipogenesis)
    • 1) Insulin mediates storage in adipose
    • 2) insulin regulates lipoprotein lipase directly (higher insulin = higher LL)
    • 3) insulin stimulates GLUT-4
  29. What is the function of Gemfibrozil?
    • Increase degradation of TAGs and uptake of FAs
    • great to treat hypertriacylglycerolemias
  30. What is released from TAG upon contact with Lipoprotein lipase?
    • 3 fatty acids
    • glycerol
Author
kepling
ID
37801
Card Set
biochem lesson 35.txt
Description
Biochemistry L35
Updated

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