Pathophysiology test 2

transport gases, nutrients, and wastes; help to generate the electrical activity needed to power body functions; take part in the transformation of food into energy; and otherwise maintain the overall function of the body

charged ions capable of conducting electricity and are solutes found in all body compartments

examples of sources of electrolytes?

maintain fluid balance, regulate acid-base balance, are needed for enzymatic secretion and activation, and are needed for proper metabolism and effective processes of muscular contraction and nerve transmission

what are the two types of electrolytes?

positively charged ions are called?

negatively charged ions are called?

movement directly influenced by chemical or electrical gradients and does not require energy

the gradient created by a difference in the number of particles on either side of the membrane

the gradient created by a difference in charged particles or ions

the movement of charged or uncharged particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

what is the end result of diffusion?

what affects the process of diffusion?

movement from higher concentration to lower concentration requiring a carrier, transport protein, but no energy is used.

the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane--one that is permeable to H₂O but impermeable to most solutes-- from more water to less water

the pressure that is generated from the movement of water across a membrane

fluids in the cell body

fluids outside of the cell body

the movement of both solute (a substance, either dissolved or suspended, in a solution) and solvent (a liquid substance where particles can be dissolved) across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration by using energy

active transport where the source is used directly in the transport of a substance

use the energy derived from the primary active transport of one substance, usually sodium ions, for the cotransport of a second substance

secondary transport system in which Na ions and solute are transported in the same direction

secondary transport system in which Na ions and solute are transported in opposite directions

moves sodium from inside the cell to the extracellular region, where its concentration is approx 14xs greater than the inside; this pump always returns potassium to the inside, where its concentration is approx 35xs greater than it is outside the cell. if not for this pump sodium would accumulate in the cell resulting in celllular swelling because of the influx of water that accompanies sodium

the pump critical in muscle contraction and relaxation

the process by which the cell engulfs materials from its surroundings

cell eating; the engulfment and subsequent killing or degradation of microorganisms and other particulate matter

cell drinking; the ingestion of small solid or fluid particles

the mechanism for the secretion of intracellular substances into the extracellular spaces