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The axilla contains these three things that create its shape:
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Describe the location of the axilla in reference to other landmarks
- -Inferior to the glenohumeral joint
- -Superior to the axillary fascia
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This is the entrance from the neck to the axilla
Cervicoaxillary canal
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Where does the cervicoaxillary canal lie?
between 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edges of subscapularis
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The cervicoaxillary canal lies at what border of the axilla?
The apex
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The anterior wall of the axilla is formed by:
- -Pectoral muscles
- -Clavicopectoral fascia
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The posterior wall of the axilla is formed by:
- -Scapula and subscapularis muscle form anterior surface
- -Teres major and latissimus dorsi form inferior border and posterior axillary fold
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Medial wall of axilla is formed by:
- -Formed by the thoracic wall
- -1st through 4th ribs
- -Overlying serratus anterior muscle
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Lateral wall of axilla is formed by:
-Intertubercular groove
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The base of the axilla is formed by:
- Concave skin, subcutaneous tissue, and deep fascia
- -The deep fascia extends from the arm laterally to the thorax medially
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Contents of the axilla
- -Major vessels, nerves, and lymphatics of upper limb
- -Proximal part of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
- -Axillary process of breast
- -Collection of lymph nodes
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Facts about the Axillary artery
- -Distal continuation of the subclavian artery
- -Supplies wall of axilla, related regions, and major blood supply of upper limb
- -Begins at lateral border of 1st rib
- -Ends at inferior border of teres major to become brachial artery
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Where is the first part of the axillary artery located?
Between lateral border of 1st rib and medial border of the pectoralis minor
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What is the only branch that comes of the 1st part of the axillary artery and what does it supply?
- Superior thoracic artery
- Musculature of the 1st and 2nd intercostal space
- Subclavius muscle
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What are the two main arteries that branch off the second part of the axillary artery?
- -Thoracoacromial trunk
- -Lateral thoracic artery
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What are the 4 branches of the thoracoacromial trunk?
- -Acromial branch
- -Clavicular branch
- -Deltoid branch
- -Pectoral branch
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What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?
- -Pectoral muscles
- -Serratus anterior
- -Branches from this artery supply the breast
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Where is the 2nd part of the axillary artery located?
-Deep to the pectoralis minor
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Where does the third part of the axillary artery lie?
-Extends from the lateral border of the pectoralis minor muscle to inferior border of teres major
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What are the three arteries that branch off the third portion off the axillary artery?
- -Subscapular artery
- -Anterior circumflex humeral artery
- -Posterior circumflex humeral artery
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What does the thoracodorsal artery supply?
- Follows the lateral border of the scapula to the inferior angle
- Supplies latissimus dorsi
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What are the two branches off the branch of subscapular artery?
- Thoracodorsal artery
- Circumflex scapular artery
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Where does the circumflex scapular artery go and what does it supply?
- Passes through the triangular space and pierces teres minor to enter the infraspinous fossa
- Anastomoses with the dorsal scapular artery
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Where does the Anterior circumflex humeral artery go and what does it supply?
- Originates from the lateral aspect of the 3rd party of the axillary artery
- Passes anterior to surgical neck of the humerus and anastomses with post circum hum a.
- Supplies GH joint and head of humerus
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Where does the posterior circumflex humeral artery go and what does it supply?
- Passes through the quadrangular space with the axillary nerve
- Curves around surgical neck of humerus
- Supplies GH joint and surrounding tissues
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Where does the Axillary Vein begin?
- Margin of teres major muscle
- Continuation of Basilic Vein
- Passes medial to axillary artery and becomes subclavian artery
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What is the Brachial Plexus?
- Network of ventral primary rami that combine to form peripheral nerves of the upper extremity.
- Formed by union of ventral rami of C5-8 and greater part of ventral rami of T1
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Define roots of Brachial Plexus
- Formed by the entral rami of C8-T1
- Roots usually pass through gap between anterior and middle scalenes called the scalene interval
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What are the two branches off the roots and where do they branch off from?
- -Dorsal scapular n. (C4,5)
- -Long thoracic n. (C5,6,7)
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What are the two branches off the trunks and what do they branch from?
- -Nerve to subclavius ((C4)C5(C6))
- -Suprascapular nerve ((C4)C5(C6))
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Branches off the lateral cord
- Lateral pectoral nerve (C5,6,7)
- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6,7)
- Lateral root (lateral communicating branch) of the median nerve
- Median Nerve (C5-8, T1)
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5 branches from the Medial Cord
- -Medial root (medial communicating branch) of the median nerve
- -Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
- -Medial brachial cutaneous (C8, T1)
- -Medial antebrachial cutaneous (C8, T1)
- -Ulnar nerve (C8, T1, sometimes C7)
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5 branches of the posterior cord
- -Upper subscapular nerve (C5,6)
- -Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
- -Lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)
- -Axillary nerve (C5,6)
- -Radial nerve (C5-8, T1)
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What are the borders of the Quadrangular space?
- -Inferior margin Teres minor
- -Surgical neck of humerus
- -Superior margin Teres major
- -Lateral margin of LH of triceps
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What are the contents of Quadrangular space?
- Axillary nerve
- Posterior circumflex humeral
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What are the borders of the Triangular space?
- Medial margin of LH of triceps
- Superior margin of teres major
- Inferior margin of teres minor
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What are the contents of the triangular space?
Circumflex scapular artery/vein
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The anterior wall contains these muscles:
- Pectoralis major
- Subclavius
- Pectoralis minor
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The Posterior wall contains these muscles:
- Subscapularis
- Teres major
- Latissimus dorsi
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The medial wall contains these muscles:
Serratus anterior
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The lateral wall contains these muscles:
Insertion of the latissiums dorsi (intertubercular groove)
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