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physical anthropology
The subfield of anthropology that studies both human biological evolution and contemporary racial variations among peoples of the world.
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paleontology
The study of human evolution through fossil remains.
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primatology
The study of nonhuman primates in their natural environments for the purpose of gaining insights into the human evolutionary process.
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race
A subgroup of the human population whose members share a greater number of genes and physical traits with one another than they do with members of other subgroups.
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genetics
The study of inherited physical traits.
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population biology
The study of the interrelationships between population characteristics and environments.
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epidemiology
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of disease in populations.
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ecofacts
physical remains found by archaeologists that were used by humans but not made or reworked by them (for example, seeds and bones).
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archaeology
The subfield of anthropology that focuses on the study of prehistoric and historic cultures through the excavation of material remains.
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artifact
A type of material remain (found by archaeologists) that has been made or modifiedx by humans, such as tools, arrowheads, and so on.
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features
Archaeological remains that have been made or modified by people and cannot easily be carried away, such as house foundations, fireplaces, and postholes.
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cultural resource mangagement
a form of applied archaeology that involves identifying, evaluation, and sometimes excavating sites before roads, dams and buildings are constructed.
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anthropological linguistics
The study of human communication within its sociocultural context.
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historical linguistics
the branch of anthropological linguistics that studies how languages emerge and change over time.
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glottochronology
The historical linguistic technique of determining the approximate date that two languages diverged by analyzing similarities and differences in their vocabularies.
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descriptive linguistics
the branch of anthropological linguistics that studies how languages are structured.
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Ethnolinguistics
The branch of anthropological linguistics that studies the relationship between language and culture.
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sociolinguistics
The branch of anthropological linguistics that studies how language is used in different social contexts.
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ethnography
The anthropological description of a particular contemporary culture by means of direct fieldwork.
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Ethnology
The comparative study of cultural differences and similarities.
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Cultural anthropology
The scientific study of cultural similarities and differences wherever and in whatever form they may be found.
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paleopathology
the study of disease in prehistoric populations
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holism
A perspective in anthropology that attempts to study a culture by looking at all parts of the system and how those parts are interrelated.
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ethnocentrism
The practice of viewing the customs of other societies in terms of one's own.
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Cultural reletavism
The idea that cultural traits are best understood when viewed within the cultural context of which they are a part.
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Emic approach
A perspective in ethnography that uses the concepts and categories that are relevant and meaningful to the culture under analysis.
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Etic approach
A perpective in ethnography that uses the concepts and categories of the anthropologist's culture to describe another culture.
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