med terms ch. 6 musculoskeletal system (bones ... not the tv show)

• hemat/o = blood
• -poiesis = production

• muscul/o = muscle
• close association of the body's skeleton and muscles
• muscles also closely related to the nervous system

• support and movement
• formation of blood cells, storage of fat in the bone marrow, storage and release of minerals (esp calcium)

• composed of cells or fibers that contract and bring about movement of an organ or part of the body
• 1) cardiac (heart) - striated (alternate light and dark bands), involuntary
• 2) smooth (visceral or involuntary) - non-striated, involuntary
• 3) skeletal (under conscious or voluntary control) - striated, voluntary

• ortho/o = straight
• ped/o = child
• -ic = pertaining to

usually 206

skull, spinal column, breastbone, ribs

• clavicle
• common name: collarbone

• cranium
• common name: skull

• costa
• common name: rib

• scapula
• common name: shoulder blade

• sternum
• common name: breastbone

• spine
• common name: backbone

• vertebrae (general)
• common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)

• cervical (vertebrae), neck [C1-C7]
• common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)

• thoracic (vertebrae) [T1-T12]
• common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)

• lumbar (vertebrae) [L1-L5]
• common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)

• sacrum (5 sacral vertebrae)
• common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)

• coccyx (4 coccygeal vertebrae) - tailbone, fused coccygeal bones
• common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)

• humerus
• common name: upper arm bone

• radius
• common name: bones of the forearm (2 with this name)

• ulna
• common name: bones of the forearm (2 with this name)

• carpals (8 small bones)
• common name: wrist bones

• metacarpals (5 bones)
• common name: bones of the hand

• phalanges (3 on each finger except thumb which has 2)
• common name: bones of the fingers

pelvis

• ilium
• common name: pelvic bones (3 with this name)

• ischium
• common name: pelvic bones (3 with this name)

• pubis
• common name: pelvic bones (3 with this name)

• femur
• common name: thigh bone

• patella
• common name: kneecap

• fibula
• common name: bones of the lower leg (2 with this name)

• tibia
• common name: bones of the lower leg (2 with this name)

• tarsals - also means the edge of the eyelid
• common name: ankle bones

• calcaneus
• common name: heel bone

• metatarsals (5 bones = instep)
• common name: bones of the feet

• phalanges (3 bones in each toe except great/big toe which has 2)
• common name: bones of the toes

• exists in pairs (12 on each side of chest)
• 7 upper pairs join directly with sternum by cartilage = true ribs
• 5 lower pairs NOT directly joined to sternum = false ribs
• - 2 last pairs of false ribs = floating ribs

instrument for recording

• radiant energy
• or radius (bones of the forearm)

far or distant from the origin or point of attachment

between

change of next in a series

nearer the origin or point of attachment

bone

stiff

articulation, joint (haha very funny you don't smoke this)

weakness

bursa (doesn't this mean purse or something?)

calcium (why couldn't they just make a cool word with Ca²⁺)

cartilage

down, from, or reversing

change or next in a series

tendon

specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and that can withstand considerable pressure of tension.

• aka joint
• place of union between two or more bones

• joints that have cavities between articulating bones
• ex: elbow, knee, ankle, shoulder, hip joints

sacs of fluid located in areas of friction

• straightens a limb and the opposite of movement
• ex: straighten leg

• bends a limb
• ex: bend knee

• movement of a bone around its own axis
• ex: turning head

• circular movement of a limb at the far end
• ex: arms moving in circular fashion

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and serve to support and strengthen joints

related to or like a ligament

heart

not or inside

small

instrument used for viewing

skeleton

viscera (internal organs enclosed within a body cavity)

abdomen

two

arm

chest

fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles

pertaining to fascia

bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones

• arthr/o = joint
• -itis = inflammation
• any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement

• oste/o = bone
• arthr/o = joing
• -itis = inflammation
• AKA degenerative joint disease (DJD) - form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage

• the second most commonly occurring connective tissue disease.
• chronic, systemic (pertaining to the whole body) disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet

general term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures

rheumatism

inflammation of a vertebra (spine)

• poly- = many
• inflammation of more than one joint

painful joint

• burs/o = bursa
• inflammation of a bursa

• ankyl/o = stiff
• joint is immobile and stiff

autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue

direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiberoptic endoscope called an arthroscope

incision of a joint

any disease of a joint

• painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis.
• characterized by inflammation of the joints, especially of those in the foot or knee

• hyper- = excessive
• uric = uric acid
• -emia = blood

cancers that arise from connective tissue, such as muscle or bone

composed of masses of cartilage

malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue

chronic or acute diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors.

• myel/o = bone marrow
• -oma = tumor
• disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow. progressive and generally fatal

behind

• Paget's disease
• a skeletal disease of the elderly that is characterized by chronic bone inflammation. results in the thickening and softening of bones and in the bowing of the long bones

displacement fo a bone from a joint

breaking of a bone, usually from sudden injury

injury to a joint that causes pain and disability, with the severity depending on the degree of injury to ligaments or tendons.

excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive forcible stretch.

• tendin/o = tendon
• -itis = inflammation
• inflammation of a tendon aka tendonitis

• para- = beside
• -plegia = paralysis
• paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs

• quadri = four
• -plegia = paralysis
• paralysis of the arms and legs

can press on the spinal cord or on a spinal nerve, causing pain

congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine

lateral curvature of the spine

• humpback or hunchback
• exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back

causes inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse

• poker spine
• the whole spine becomes stiffened

lateral or side

treat osteoporosis

excision of a bone (or portion of it)

excision of cartilage

surgical repair of tendons

surgical repair of muscle

surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebra to permit surgical access to the disk so that the herniated material can be removed

complete excision of an intervertebral disk

plastic-like substance is injected into the body of a fractured vertebra to stabilize and strengthen it

excision of a bunion (blechh :P)

used to reduce inflammation and pain (use the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs -NSAIDS)

• various forms of therapy that relieve the symptoms of arthritis
• DMARDS, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: slower acting than NSAIDS)

removal of excessive fluid accumulated in a synovial joint after injury and must be extracted with a needle

any surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

induced by cancer treatment

bones of the foot vs bones of the hand

still vs ankle

bone of forearm and radiation