-
hematopoiesis
- hemat/o = blood
- -poiesis = production
-
musculoskeletal system
- muscul/o = muscle
- close association of the body's skeleton and muscles
- muscles also closely related to the nervous system
-
function of bones
- support and movement
- formation of blood cells, storage of fat in the bone marrow, storage and release of minerals (esp calcium)
-
3 major types of muscles of the muscular system
- composed of cells or fibers that contract and bring about movement of an organ or part of the body
- 1) cardiac (heart) - striated (alternate light and dark bands), involuntary
- 2) smooth (visceral or involuntary) - non-striated, involuntary
- 3) skeletal (under conscious or voluntary control) - striated, voluntary
-
ortho ped ics
- ortho/o = straight
- ped/o = child
- -ic = pertaining to
-
adult human skeleton consists of how many named bones
usually 206
-
4 major division of the skeleton
skull, spinal column, breastbone, ribs
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
clavicul/o
- clavicle
- common name: collarbone
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
crani/o
- cranium
- common name: skull
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
cost/o
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
scapul/o
- scapula
- common name: shoulder blade
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
stern/o
- sternum
- common name: breastbone
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
rachi/o, spin/o
- spine
- common name: backbone
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
- vertebrae (general)
- common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
cervic/o
- cervical (vertebrae), neck [C1-C7]
- common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
thorac/o
- thoracic (vertebrae) [T1-T12]
- common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
lumb/o
- lumbar (vertebrae) [L1-L5]
- common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
sacr/o
- sacrum (5 sacral vertebrae)
- common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)
-
context: major bones of the body: Bones that form the vertical axis of the body
coccyg/o
- coccyx (4 coccygeal vertebrae) - tailbone, fused coccygeal bones
- common name: spinal bones (6 listed with this common name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the upper extremities
humer/o
- humerus
- common name: upper arm bone
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the upper extremities
radi/o
- radius
- common name: bones of the forearm (2 with this name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the upper extremities
uln/o
- ulna
- common name: bones of the forearm (2 with this name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the upper extremities
carp/o
- carpals (8 small bones)
- common name: wrist bones
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the upper extremities
metacarp/o
- metacarpals (5 bones)
- common name: bones of the hand
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the upper extremities
phalang/o
- phalanges (3 on each finger except thumb which has 2)
- common name: bones of the fingers
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the pelvis
pelv/i
pelvis
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the pelvis
ili/o
- ilium
- common name: pelvic bones (3 with this name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the pelvis
ischi/o
- ischium
- common name: pelvic bones (3 with this name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the pelvis
pub/o
- pubis
- common name: pelvic bones (3 with this name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
femor/o
- femur
- common name: thigh bone
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
patell/o
- patella
- common name: kneecap
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
fibul/o
- fibula
- common name: bones of the lower leg (2 with this name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
tibi/o
- tibia
- common name: bones of the lower leg (2 with this name)
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
tars/o
- tarsals - also means the edge of the eyelid
- common name: ankle bones
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
calcane/o
- calcaneus
- common name: heel bone
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
metatars/o
- metatarsals (5 bones = instep)
- common name: bones of the feet
-
context: major bones of the body: bones of the lower extremities
phalang/o
- phalanges (3 bones in each toe except great/big toe which has 2)
- common name: bones of the toes
-
rib cage
- exists in pairs (12 on each side of chest)
- 7 upper pairs join directly with sternum by cartilage = true ribs
- 5 lower pairs NOT directly joined to sternum = false ribs
- - 2 last pairs of false ribs = floating ribs
-
-graph
instrument for recording
-
radi/o
- radiant energy
- or radius (bones of the forearm)
-
dist/o
far or distant from the origin or point of attachment
-
-
meta-
change of next in a series
-
proxim/o
nearer the origin or point of attachment
-
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
ankyl/o
stiff
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
arthr/o
articulation, joint (haha very funny you don't smoke this)
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
-asthenia
weakness
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
burs/o
bursa (doesn't this mean purse or something?)
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
calc/i
calcium (why couldn't they just make a cool word with Ca2+)
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
chondr/o
cartilage
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
de-
down, from, or reversing
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
meta-
change or next in a series
-
context: additional word parts and meanings
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
-
cartilage
specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and that can withstand considerable pressure of tension.
-
articulation
- aka joint
- place of union between two or more bones
-
synovial joints
- joints that have cavities between articulating bones
- ex: elbow, knee, ankle, shoulder, hip joints
-
bursae (bursa)
sacs of fluid located in areas of friction
-
context: 4 common types of joint motion
extension
- straightens a limb and the opposite of movement
- ex: straighten leg
-
context: 4 common types of joint motion
flexion
- bends a limb
- ex: bend knee
-
context: 4 common types of joint motion
rotation
- movement of a bone around its own axis
- ex: turning head
-
context: 4 common types of joint motion
circumduction
- circular movement of a limb at the far end
- ex: arms moving in circular fashion
-
ligaments
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and serve to support and strengthen joints
-
ligamentous
related to or like a ligament
-
-
-
-
-scope
instrument used for viewing
-
-
viscer/o
viscera (internal organs enclosed within a body cavity)
-
-
-
-
-
fascia
fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles
-
fascial
pertaining to fascia
-
tendons
bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones
-
arthritis
- arthr/o = joint
- -itis = inflammation
- any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement
-
osteo arthritis
- oste/o = bone
- arthr/o = joing
- -itis = inflammation
- AKA degenerative joint disease (DJD) - form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage
-
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- the second most commonly occurring connective tissue disease.
- chronic, systemic (pertaining to the whole body) disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet
-
rheumatism
general term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures
-
-
context: arthritis
spondylarthritis
inflammation of a vertebra (spine)
-
context: arthritis
polyarthritis
- poly- = many
- inflammation of more than one joint
-
context: arthritis
arthralgia and arthrodynia
painful joint
-
context: arthritis
burs itis
- burs/o = bursa
- inflammation of a bursa
-
context: arthritis
ankyl osis
- ankyl/o = stiff
- joint is immobile and stiff
-
lupus erythematosus (LE)
autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue
-
arthro scopy
direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiberoptic endoscope called an arthroscope
-
arthrotomy
incision of a joint
-
arthropathy
any disease of a joint
-
gout
- painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis.
- characterized by inflammation of the joints, especially of those in the foot or knee
-
hyper uric emia
- hyper- = excessive
- uric = uric acid
- -emia = blood
-
sarcomas
cancers that arise from connective tissue, such as muscle or bone
-
chondro sarcoma
composed of masses of cartilage
-
fibro sarcoma
malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue
-
leukemias
chronic or acute diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors.
-
multiple myeloma
- myel/o = bone marrow
- -oma = tumor
- disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow. progressive and generally fatal
-
-
osteitis deformans
- Paget's disease
- a skeletal disease of the elderly that is characterized by chronic bone inflammation. results in the thickening and softening of bones and in the bowing of the long bones
-
dislocation
displacement fo a bone from a joint
-
fracture
breaking of a bone, usually from sudden injury
-
sprain
injury to a joint that causes pain and disability, with the severity depending on the degree of injury to ligaments or tendons.
-
strain
excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive forcible stretch.
-
tendin itis
- tendin/o = tendon
- -itis = inflammation
- inflammation of a tendon aka tendonitis
-
context: the spine
para plegia
- para- = beside
- -plegia = paralysis
- paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs
-
context: the spine
quadri plegia
- quadri = four
- -plegia = paralysis
- paralysis of the arms and legs
-
context: the spine
herniated disk
can press on the spinal cord or on a spinal nerve, causing pain
-
context: the spine
spinal bifida
congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine
-
context: the spine
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
-
context: the spine
kyphosis
- humpback or hunchback
- exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back
-
rheumatoid spondylitis
causes inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse
-
context: the spine
ankylosed spine
- poker spine
- the whole spine becomes stiffened
-
-
osteo porotics
treat osteoporosis
-
oste ectomy/ ostectomy
excision of a bone (or portion of it)
-
chondr ectomy
excision of cartilage
-
tendo plasty
surgical repair of tendons
-
myo plasty
surgical repair of muscle
-
laminectomy
surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebra to permit surgical access to the disk so that the herniated material can be removed
-
disk ectomy
complete excision of an intervertebral disk
-
vertebro plasty
plastic-like substance is injected into the body of a fractured vertebra to stabilize and strengthen it
-
bunion ectomy
excision of a bunion (blechh :P)
-
antiinflammatories
used to reduce inflammation and pain (use the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs -NSAIDS)
-
antiarthritics
- various forms of therapy that relieve the symptoms of arthritis
- DMARDS, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: slower acting than NSAIDS)
-
arthro centesis
removal of excessive fluid accumulated in a synovial joint after injury and must be extracted with a needle
-
arthro plasty
any surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint
-
myelosuppression
induced by cancer treatment
-
beware
metatars/o vs metacarp/o
bones of the foot vs bones of the hand
-
beware
ankyl/o vs tars/o
still vs ankle
-
beware
radi/o has TWO meanings
bone of forearm and radiation
|
|