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The major neck muscle are the…
sternomastoid and the trapezius.
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Where is the anterior triangle?
In front between the two sternomastoids muscles and runs from the mandible to the suprasternal notch.
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Where is the posterior triangle?
Between the sternomastoid muscle and the trapezius muscle with its base along the clavicle. It contains the posterior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
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Where are the Preauricular lymph nodes?
in front of the ear
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Where are the Posterior auricular lymph nodes?
superficial to the mastoid process
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Where are the Occipital lymph nodes?
at the base of the skull
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Where are the Submental lymph nodes?
midline, behind the tip of the mandible
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Where are the Submandibular lymph nodes?
halfway between the angle and tip of mandible
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Where are the Jugulodigastric lymph nodes?
under the angle of the mandible
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Where are the Superficial cervical lymph nodes?
overlying the sternomastoid muscle
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Where are the Deep cervical lymph nodes?
under the sternomastoid muscle
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Where are the Posterior cervical lymph nodes?
in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
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Where are the Supraclavicular lymph nodes?
just above and behind the clavicle, at the sternomastoid muscle
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Where in the body are lymph nodes accessible for examination?
- Head and neck
- Arms
- Axillae
- Inguinal region
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Where is the greatest supply of lymph nodes found for examination?
Head and neck
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At what age does lymph tissue develop to its adult size?
Age 6
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When does lymph tissue stop growing?
Age 10 or 11
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At what age does the posterior fontanel close?
1 to 2 months
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At what age does the anterior fontanel close?
9 mos to 2 yrs
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When does the head reach 90% of its final size?
Age 6
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What does normocephalic mean?
Skull that is round, symmetrical and appropriately related to body size
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What is a bruit?
Soft, pulsatile, whooshing, blowing sound heard while auscultating the thyroid gland
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What is the significance of a bruit?
It indicates turbulent blood flow around an enlarged thyroid
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What is the average size of a newborn’s head?
32-38 cm
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How much larger is the newborn’s head from its chest?
2 cm larger than chest circumference
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How much larger than the head will the chest grow to during childhood?
5-7 cm larger than head
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What is frontal bulging or “bossing” indicative of in the neonate?
Prematurity or rickets
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What is a caput succedaneum?
Edemous swelling and ecchymosis of the presenting part of the head caused by birth trauma.
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What is cephalhematoma?
Subperiosteal hemorrhage due to birth trauma.
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What treatment is indicated for caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma?
None, these are normal results of birth and most resolve themselves within the first days to weeks.
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What is the tonic neck reflex?
When supine and the head is turned, the neonates arm and leg on the same side is extended and the opposite side is flexed
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When does the tonic neck reflex disappear?
B/w 3 and 4 months
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What does it mean if the tonic neck reflex continues after 5 months?
Possible brain damage
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What is considered enlarged for cervical lymph nodes?
>1cm
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What is craniotabes?
Softening of the outer layer of the skull
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What does craniotabes indicate?
It may occur with rickets, hydrocephaly and syphilis
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