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Functional Group Classifications
Alcohols
-anol
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Functional Group Classifications
Aldehydes
-anal
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Functional Group Classifications
Alkyl Halides
(halo) alkane or akyl halide
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Functional Group Classifications
Amides
-anamide
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Functional Group Classifications
Amines
(alkyl)-amine
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Functional Group Classifications
Carboxylic acid
-anoic acid
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Functional Group Classifications
Esters
(alkyl)-anoate
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Functional Group Classifications
Ethers
di(alkyl) ether
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Functional Group Classifications
ketones
-anone
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Functional Group Classifications
Nitriles
-anenitrile
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Benzene
Root of many drugs and explosives
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CH2CL2
Methylene Chloride
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CH3CH2OH
Ethanol, Ethyl Alcohol
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Constitutional Isomers/Structural isomers
The molecules functional groups and atoms are joined together in different ways
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Stereoisomers/Spatial Isomers
The bond organization is the same between two given molecules, but the position of a molecules's functional groups and atoms within space differs
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Polar
The greater the electronegativity difference between atoms in a bond, the more polar the bond
Many drugs are polar in nature
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Non-polar
Little to no electronegativity difference between atoms within a bond
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Petroleum based- Ignitable liquids
- Primarily hydrocarbons
- Alkanes, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic compounds, polynuclear aromatic compounds
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Alcohol based- Ignitable Liquids
Primarily alcohols or ketones
EtOH, MeOH, IPA(isopropyl acohol), Acetone, MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)
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High explosives are more often ________ in nature
Organic
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Low explosives are more often ________ in nature
inorganic
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Derivatives of _______ and _______ are common structural backbones for some classes of high explosives
benzene and tolulene
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_________ often contain high nitrogen and oxygen contents
explosives
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Nitrogen and oxygen are found commonly in explosives in the form of:
nitro groups -NO2
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Many drugs have ionizable groups capable of _______/________ under acidic/ alkaline conditions
protonation/deprotonation
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Cocaine exists as a ____________
_____-cocaine and ______-cocaine
Diastereomers
- d-(pseudo)cocaine
- I-cocaine
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Some oxygen containing compounds:
fats and waxes, alcohols, terpenes, steroids, carbohydrates
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Nitrogen containing compounds
Amines, amides, nitriles, Imines, Amino acids, nucleic acids, melatonin, artificial sweeteners, drugs, poisons, explosives
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