Health Studies Stage 3

discrimination, gender, poor access to health care, unemployment, social isolation, dislocation of land, occupation, access to and level of education, geographic location, racism, government economic and social policies, socioeconomic status

• Quantitative - epidemiology data, comparisons
• Qualitative - Social determinants of health, access, legislation

• Individual
• Relationship
• Community
• Society

• Participation
• Equity
• Access
• Rights
• Empowerment
• Diversity

• Physiological
• Safety
• Social
• Esteem
• Self Actualisation

• It is about the quest of reaching one's full potential as a person.
• Self-actualized people tend to have motivators such as: * Truth * Justice * Wisdom * Meaning

• Feeling important
• can be acheived by recognition, attention, acomplishment and self respect.

• Belonging
• Giving and receiving love
• Forming relationships

Safety and security in order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm.

Those required to sustain life, eg food, water, air

• Problem
• Amenability to change
• Benefits
• Costs
• Acceptance
• Recommendations

• Public health decision-making model.
• Used to decide which intervention to put into place and whether to advocate or not.

• Multi facted approach
• Health sector alone isn't enough
• need education, corporate support, government to work together

A systematic method for reviewing the health issues facing apopulation, leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and reduce inequalities.

• Planning - getting started
• Identify priorities
• Assess priotities for action
• Planning for change
• Evaluation

Step 2 - Identifying priority

• Enabling
• Mediating
• Advocating

• Ottawa Charter Action Areas
• Community Development (empowerment)
• Increasing Health care

• Reform - make changes for improvement
• Set the policy direction to better connect hospitals, primary and community care to meet patient needs, improve continuity of care and reduce demand on hospitals.

• Increasing burden of diease - chronic disease
• Overcrowded hospitals or long waiting lists
• Inequity - not all people can access the same care

• Improving access and reducing inequity
• Better management of chronic conditions
• Increasing the focus on prevention
• Improving quality, safety, performance and accountability

• Accessible, clinically and culturally appropriate
• Patient-centred and supportive of health literacy
• More focussed on preventive care
• Well-integrated, coordinated, and providing continuity of care
• Safe, high quality care which is continually improving through relevant research
• Better management of health information
• Flexibility to best respond to local community needs
• Working environments and conditions which attract, support and retain workforce
• High quality education and training
• Fiscally sustainable, efficient and cost-effective.

Unwritten rules of standards that more than 50% of the population or community obey.

Norms that "prohibit" you from doing something.

Norms that "prescribe" behaviour, so they make you do something.

Norms made by the popular people or "cool" people. Align with Popular culture.

Social or cultural groups that are unique to a particular group of people within a population.

• Physical - climate, land, location
• Structural - buildings, transport, products, policies
• Social - relationships, group dynamics, communication

• For example, Individuals may value:
• Ease of Use, Efficiency, Accountability, Innovation, Respect, Trust, Wisdom, Competition, Communication, Freedom, Cleanliness or Knowledge.

• Assertion
• Stress Management
• Resilience

To insist on having one's opinions and rights recognized

• A set of techniques used to help an individual cope more effectively
• with difficult situations in order to feel better emotionally, improve
• behavioral skills, and often to enhance feelings of control.

Is the positive capacity of people to cope with stress and catastrophe. Being able to bouncec back from adversity.

• Cultural norms may influence you to act a certain way to conform
• Religious rules promote or restrict behaviours

• Being able to locate, interpret and evaluate health information
• analysing risks and benefits

The act of assisting or making easier the progress or improvement of something.

• Active support of an idea or cause
• The act of pleading or arguing for something

• Facilitation - assisting the people at disadvantage
• Advocacy - raise public awareness, change laws, gain support

• Poverty
• disease outbreaks
• famine
• drought
• availability of clean drinking water
• other environmental issues.

• 1. Creating norms, standards or acceptable behaviour
• 2. Leadership over NGO’s and the health sector.
• 3. Research, disease eradication and emergencies

Contributes to stability in ourregion by helping countries provide essential services to their people and through specific measures

• Epidemiological data - comparisons and burden of disease
• Social determinants of health - access, legislation, wealth
• Looks for injustices and inequity.

• 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• 2. Achieve universal primary education
• 3. Promote gender equality and empowerwomen
• 4. Reduce child mortality
• 5. Improve maternal health
• 6. Combat HIV/AIDs, malaria and otherdiseases
• 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
• 8. Develop a global partnership fordevelopment

• Asthma
• Injuries
• Cancer
• Mental health
• Obesity
• Cardio vascular Disease
• Musculoskeletal disease
• Diabetes

• Healthy public policy is an ottawa charter action area
• Policy will create a supportive environment
• can influence beleifs - if it is a policy it must be important

• Assessment – impact & cause
• Economic valuation – cost, Quantitative and qualitative measures.
• Interactive process – Knowledge sharing.
• Communication – Present the policy recommendations, costs, barriers or potential problems

A negotiation to resolve differences that is conducted by some impartial party

A discussion intended to produce an agreement

a middle way between two extremes

The hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties

• The process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid
• and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.

Using avoidance, accommodation, compromise, competition or collaboration to solve problems

A country whose per capita income is low by world standards.

A country whose per capita income is high by world standards.

• Developed - have access to social determinants. Chronic disease from having too much eg obesity.
• Developing - little access to social determinants. Chronic disease from having too little eg malnutrition