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nurses' six rights for safe med administration
- right to a complete and clearly written order
- right to have the correct drug route and dose dispensed
- right to have access to info
- right to have policies on med administration
- right to administer meds safely and to identify problems in the system
- right to stop, think, and be vigilant when administering meds
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client's rights(8)
- informed of medication's name, pupose, action, and potential undesired effects
- refuse a mediction regaurdless of consequences
- have qualified nurses/physicians assess medication history
- be properly advised of experimental nature of medicaton therapy and to give written consent for its use
- receive labeled medications safely w/o discomfort w/ 6 rights of med administration
- receive appropriate supportive therapy in relation to med therapy
- not receive unnecessary meds
- be informed if meds are a part of a research study
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six rights of medication of administration
- right client
- right medication
- right dose
- right route
- right time
- right documentation
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nurse accountability in medication administration
- knowing which meds are prescribed
- the therapeutic and non therapeutic effects
- associated nursing implications
- why the pt needs the meds
- determining if supervision is required
- determining if client requires education about the meds and its effects
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types of medication action
- therapeutic effect: expected or predictable
- adverse effect: unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable severe response to med
- idiosyncratic reaction: unpredictable effects, over or under reaction or a reaction different from normal
- side effect: predictable often unavoidable, unintended, secondary effect produced at a usual therapeutic dose
- allergic reaction: urticaris(reddened margins,pale centers on raised irregularly shaped skin eruptions), rash, pruritis(itching), rhinitis
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medications are excreted through
- kidney
- liver
- bowel
- lungs
- exocring glands
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metabolism/biotransformation
- meds metabolized into less potent or inactive form
- biotransformation occurs under influence of enzymes that detoxify, degrade and remove active chemicals, usually occurs in liver
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Distribution
- depends on:
- circulation
- membrane permeability-BBB
- protein binding- degree to which meds bind to serum proteins affect distribution
- elderly have decreased albumin levels due to decreased liver function which can increase risk for med activity or toxicity
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factors that influence absorbtion
- route of administration - each has a different rate of absorbtion
- ability to dissolve
- blood flow to site of administration
- body surface area
- lipid solubility of medication
- presence of food in the stomach
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pharmacokinetics
- the study of how medications:
- enter the body
- are absorbed and distributed into cells, tissues, or organs (site of action)
- alter physiological functions
- are metabolized and exit the body
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pharmacologial concepts
- drug names- chemical, generic, trade
- classification- according to their characteristics, use on a body system, desired effects
- forms of medication- solid, liquid, other oral forms, topical, parenteral, instillation into body cavities
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Scientific knowledge base
- to safely and accurately administer medications you need knowledge related to:
- pharmacology
- pharmacokinetics( the study of drug concentrations)
- life sciences
- human anatomy
- mathematics
- legal aspects of health care
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