-
Pathology
The study and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs underlying disease
-
Pathophysiology
Changes in the physiological factors that underlie states
-
Virulence
Ability to cause severity of disease
-
Etiology
Cause of disease
-
Pathogenisis
Mechanisms by which disease develops
-
Morphological changes
Alterations in cells and organs
-
Clinical significance
Consequences of the alterations
-
Cellular Envelope
- Cytoplasmic structure
- Cell wall
- S-layer
-
Cell Wall
- External to cyto membrane
- = murein + outer membrane + Braun lipoprotein
-
Cell membrane
- = cytoplasmic membrane
- Bacterial membranes have hopanoids, not sterols
-
Peptidoglycan
- Gives cell rigidity
- Consists of alternating units of two modified sugars
- (NAM & NAG)
- Chains are cross-linked btw NAM units
-
Gram POSITIVE
- Single thick layer - Peptidoglycan or murein
- Teichoic acids
- Lipoteichoic acids - Bound to lipids
-
Gram NEGATIVE
- Multi-layered, complex
- Thin layered peptidoglycan btw 2 lipid bilayers
- No teichoic acids
- outer membrane - Phospholipid bilayer, LPS, Proteins (Porins)
-
S-Layer (Crystalline Surface Layer)
- Arrangement in gram positive and negatives
- Protein subunits (protien, glycoprotein)
- arranged in hexagonal or tetragonal
- Functions (4)
-
3 Reasons to care about bacterial cell structure
- Point of attack for most abundant drugs
- Imparts virulence factors
- Mechanisms of identification for bacteria
-
Proteins of Cytoskeleton
FtsZ, MreB, CreS
|
|
