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When was the Anglo Saxon Period?
449-1066
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What was one of the earliest epics that when first discovered was in cunieform script?
Gilgamesh Epic
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In the Gilgamesh epics were found, what were they written in?
cunieform script on clay tablets.
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In the Gilgamesh epic what was unique about the king?
He was part human and part god.
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What is Londonium?
Preset day London
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What are two facts about Londonium?
- It was founded by the Romans
- It was known as a trading port
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___________ was founded by the Romas
Londonium
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___________ was known as a trading port
Londonium
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What happened in 409 AD?
Romans withdrew from Britian
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When did the Romans withdraw from Britian?
409 AD
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When did London regain its importance?
866
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Where is London located?
along the Thimes river
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Today London is a leading what?
financial, cultural and commercial center
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When was Beowoulf first recorded?
700
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What happened in 700?
Beowoulf discovered
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Who was Venerable Bead?
- a monk and scholar known for "History of the English Church and People"
- Father of English history
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Who was the father of English History?
Bead
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Who wrote "History of the English Church and People"
Bead
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What was Bead's purpose?
to show how church brought unity to England
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Up to the point of Bead, there was a lot of what?
voilence
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When did Alfred the Great become the King of England?
871
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When was the Exitor book written?
975
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What was the Exitor book?
- book of English poetry
- our chief source of Anglo Saxon poetry
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When did the Anglo Saxon period come to an end?
1066
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Why did the Anglo Saxon period come to an end?
Norman invasion and N defeats the Saxons
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Who became King after the end of the Anglo Saxons?
William the Conquorer
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What comprised the island of great Britain?
England, Scotland, Wales
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What is the then area of Great Britain now known as?
United Kingdom
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Why is present day knowledge of Briton limited?
they left no writing
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Who were the first ancient people?
Iberians
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From what time did the Celts dominate most of Western and Central Europe?
700 BC
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From 700 BC the Celts dominated most of where?
Western and Central Europe
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Celts had what two highly developed systems?
Highly developed religion and that specified individual rights
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What did the Celts legal system specify?
Individual Rights
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The language of the Celts dominate where until when?
Great Britian until about 5th century
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What is the meaning of the word Druids?
"knowing the oak tree"
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How long have Druids existed?
Since around 3rd century BC
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What was considered sacred by the Celts?
- oak trees
- mistletoe > kissing under originated with the Druids
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Within the Celtic society, the Druids developed what?
an upper class
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What was transmigration of the souls?
belief that soul was immortal. passing in death from one person to another
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Who was Sir Thomas Mallory?
he created King Arthur and the knights of the round table
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What were Irish folktales filled with?
- ideas of good luck
- -come from celtic tales of love an magic
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Where do the ideas for Irish folk tales come from?
The Celtic tales of love and magic
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Romans were known as what?
Great Administrators
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What was built in Britain that linked tribal capitals together?
5000 miles of stone roads
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Who built 5000 miles of stone roads?
The Romans
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What did the 5000 miles of stone road that the Romans built do?
- Linked tribal capitals like London, York, and Witchester
- facilitated trade
- collection of taxes and movement of troops
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What was the Hadrians Wall?
a 73 mile great defense wall that linked the North Se and Atlantic near present day border between England and Scotland
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What was along the Hadrians wall and what were they used for?
17 large stone forts used in order to house Roman legions who were guarding the frontier
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Old Britian and Celts were the same people? T or F?
T
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Who drove out the Celts?
The Anglo Saxons
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What were positive attributes in the eyes of Anglo Saxons?
love of freedom, chase (pure) women, lack of public extravagance
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Why was King Alfred so dang Great?
- helped save Wessex and other kingdoms from the Danes
- Helped to create cohesive English society
- example: any cities destroyed during invasion he helped restore
- revived interest in learning
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What were small kingdoms referred to as?
Princpdlitles
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What was the old warrior religion?
Paegan
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Who was St. Augustine?
most important missionary
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Who was Caedmon?
the first English religious poet
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What was success measured in?
Gifts to the leader
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What were the two classes in society?
Thanes or the Earls and the Churls or the Bondservants
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Who was the upper and lower class in society?
Thanes=upper and Churls= lower (always trying to seek independent freedom)
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What is "Witan"?
a wiseman
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Who did the Anglo Saxon king consult with?
Witan
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Who were Churls?
an assembly of respected Earls who provided the hard labor
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If the two groups were not bound, what would happen?
they would receive royal favors
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Who is Saint Hilda?
Originally founded Whitby Abbey
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Who originally founded Whitby Abbey?
Saint Hilda>Hild
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What was Whitby Abbey?
a place for monks and nuns
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What happened in 867?
Whitby Abbey was destroyed by Vikings
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When was Whitby Abbey destroyed?
867
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What is "wyrd"?
word used to represent ones faith in life
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How did you gain fame in Anglo Saxon culture?
be heroic
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What did Anglo Saxons believed survived death?
fame
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Who was Scop?
A skilled storyteller/professional poet
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Kvasir:
brewed from the blood of a wise guy and murdered by dwarfs
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Mead came into possesion of a what
a giant
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Giant was stolen by who
Odin
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What did the giant become?
n eagle
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Where did the eagle carry poetry to?
the world of the gods
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What was poetry originally considered as?
a sacred mead
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Poetry described as" ________" or "__________"
"Odins theft" or "Kusir's blood"
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What is another name for a common hall?
mead hall
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Poetry was what kind of art?
an oral art
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What were the two most important traditions of Anglo Saxon poetry?
- Heroic (Beowulf)
- Elegiac (Seafarer)
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What is an example of a heroic?
Beowilf
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What is an example of an Elegiac?
Seafarer
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What is an elegy?
morns the death of a person or lament something lost
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What is the shamrock?
a three leafed plant and the national flower and symbol of Ireland
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What did St. Patrick use the shamrock for?
used it to describe the holy trinity. 3 person god head of Christianity (father, spirit, holy ghost)
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What was the purpose of monostaries?
they were centers for learning
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Who wrote the Anglo Saxon Chronicle?
King Alfred
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What was the Anglo Saxon Chronicle?
- the first historical documentation of England
- first important prose work of England
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Define epic
a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger than life hero who embodies the values of a particular society
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Define epithet
an adjective or other descriptive phrase that is regularly used to characterize a person, place, or thing
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Define archetype
a pattern that appears in literature across cultures and is repeated through the ages. can be a character, plot, image, or setting
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What is a kenning?
- a special metaphor made of compound words
- staple of Anglo Saxon literature that also has a place in our language today
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What all did King Alfred do? Why is he so great?
- Maintained diplomatic wall neighboring kings
- set frequent embassys to Rome
- corresponded with the patriarch of Jerusalem >even been said he set a mission as far as India
- formulated a code of law and founded the first English public schools
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When did William of Normady become king?
1066
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When is the traditional date for the first Germanic invasion of Britain?
449
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Who unified England?
King Alfred of Wessex
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Who was Saint Augustine?
The first arch bishop of Canterberry
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Why did so little Anglo Saxon poems survive?
they were oral
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What role did the Roman empire play in the early history of England?
they beautified it and built many useful roads
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Until what date was England part of the Roman Empire?
410
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What happened when Roman soldiers left to go home?
invaded by the Germanic people
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What did the Normans bring with them when they conquered the Anglo Saxons?
a common language
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