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alveolus (alveol - small, hollow air sac; -us pertaining to)
pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs
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anthracosis (anthrac - coal; -osis condition usually abnormal)
black lung, a lung conditin caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica
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apnea (a- lack of; -pnea breathing)
temporary cessation of breathing
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asphyxia (a- lack of; sphyx - pulse; -ia condition)
condition in which there is a depletion of oxygen in the blood with an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues; symptoms include dyspnea, cyanosis, and rapid pulse
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aspiration (aspirat - to draw in; -ion process)
process of drawing in or out by suction; can draw foreign bodies into the nose, throat, or lungs on inspiration
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asthma
disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration
rhythmic cycle of breathing with a gradual increase in respiration followed by apnea (which may last from 10 to 60 secs), then a repeat of the same cycle
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cough
sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs; an essential protective response that clears irritants, secretions, or foreign objects from the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs
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croup
acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor
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cyanosis (cyan - dark blue; -osis condition usually abnormal)
abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood.
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cystic fibrosis (CF) (cyst - sac; -ic pertaining to; fibr - fiber; -osis conditon usually abnormal)
inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands
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diaphragmatocele (diaphrag- diaphragm; mat/o - partition; -cele hernia, tumor, swelling)
hernia of the diaphragm
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dysphonia (dys- difficult; phon - voice; -ia condition)
condition of difficulty in speaking; hoarsenes
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dyspnea (dys- difficult; -pnea breathing)
difficulty in breathing
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emphysema
chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged or destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs.
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empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity
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epistaxis (epi- upon; -staxis dripping)
nosebleed
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eupnea (eu- good, normal; -pnea breathing)
good or normal breathing
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exhalation (ex- out; halat - breathe; -ion process)
process of breathing out
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expectoration (ex- out; pectorat - chest, breast; -ion process)
process of coughing up and spitting out material (sputum) from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
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Heimlich maneuver
technique for removing a foreign body (usually a bolus of food) that is blocking the trachea
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hemoptysis (hem/o - blood; -ptysis to spit)
spitting up blood
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hyperpnea (hyper- excessive; -pnea breathing)
excessive or rapid breathing
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hyperventilation (hyper- excessive; ventilat - to air; -ion process)
process of excessive ventilation, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limit
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hypoxia (hyp- below, deficient; ox - oxygen; -ia process)
condition of deficient amounts of oxygen in the inspired air
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influenza
acute, contagious repiratory infection caused by a virus.
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inhalation (in- in; halat - breathe; -ion process)
process of breathing in
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Legionnaires' disease
severe pulmonary pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophilia
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mesothelioma (mes/o - middle; thel/i - nipple; -oma tumor)
malignant tumor of mesothelium (serous membrane of the pleura) caused by the inhalation of asbestos
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olfaction (olfact - smell; -ion process)
process of smelling
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orthopnea (orth/o - straight; -pnea breathing)
inability to breathe unless in a upright or straight position
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pertussis
acute, infectious disease caused by a bacterium bordetella pertussis; charcaterized by a peculiar paroxysmal cough ending in a "crowing" or "whooping" sound; also called whooping cough
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pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor
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pleuritis (pleur - pleura; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of the pleura
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pneumonia (pneumon - lung, air; -ia condition)
inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants
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polyp
tumor with a stem; can occur where there are mucous membranes, such as the nose, ears, mouth, uterus, and intestines
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rale
abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling, or bubbling sound
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respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
condition that can occur in a a premature infant in which the lungs are not matured to the point of manufacturing lecithin, a pulmonary surfactant, resulting in collapse of the alveoli, which leads to cyanosis and hypoxia
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rhinoplasty (rhin/o - nose; -plasty surgical repair)
surgical repair of the nose
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rhinorrhea (rhin/o - nose; -rrhea flow, discharge)
discharge from the nose
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rhinovirus (rhin/o - nose; vir - virus; -us pertaining to)
one of a subgroup viruses that cause the common cold (coryza) in humans
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rhonchus (rhonch - snore; -us pertaining to)
rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction
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severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
contagious respiratory infection that was first described in February 2003; serious form of pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress and somtimes death
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spirometer (spir/o - breath; -meter instrument to measure)
instrument used to measure the volume of respired air
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sputum
substance coughed up from the lungs; can be watery, thick, purulent, clear, or bloody and can contain microorganisms
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stridor
high-pitched sound caused by obstruction of the air passageway
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tachypnea (tachy- fast; -pnea breathing)
fast breathing
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tracheostomy (trache/o - trachea, windpipe; -stomy new opening)
new opening into the trachea (windpipe).
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tuberculosis (TB) (tubercul - a little swelling; -osis condition usually abnormal)
infectious disease caused by the tubercle baccillus
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wheeze
whistling sound caused by obstruction of the air passageway
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ABGs
arterial blood gases
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AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome
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COLD
chronic obstructive lung disease
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COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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ENT
ear, nose, throat (otorhinolaryngology)
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HIV
human immunodficiency virus
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IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
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SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
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SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
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URI
upper respiratory infection
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