-
steel roof joists are manufactured with camber to
compensate for deflection
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When concrete is held under sustained stress, the strain will continue to increase with time. Which of the following defines this time-dependant phenomenon?
1. Shrinkage
2. Temperature expansion
3. Creep
4. Contraction
3. Creep
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Concrete should reach its designed compressive strength in how many days?
28 days
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The most frequent used footing type at the exterior wall for load bearing wall support is
Continuous wall footings
-
Since the 1960's, thin-shell concrete roof structures have seldom been utilized in the United States and Canada primarily because
formwork is prohibitivly expensive
-
A slump cone is used to provide an indication of which of the following characteristics of concrete?
Strength and workability
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What is the most important factor affecting the strength of concrete?
Water to cement ratio
-
A force is defined by four properties
- 1. point of application (POA)
- 2. magnitude (#, kips)
- 3. Sense (arrowhead, push or pull, C or T)
- 4. line of action (LOA) (angle with horizontal)
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Which of the following best describes the P-delta effect?
1. lateral forces on the foundations
2. bending forces in the vertical members
3. horizontal forces in the roof sections
4. moment forces at the joint
2. bending forces in the vertical members
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A balcony is hung from steel roof framing over a hotel atrium. Which of the following is the minimum code required increase in live load due to impact?
33%
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Which of the following is generall the most economical material for the hoistway wall of an elevator in a woodframe, two story apartment building?
reinforced concrete
gypsum shaft wall
prefabricated concrete
concrete blocks
gypsum shaft wall
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A one-way slab is used typically in which of the following types of buildings?
Museum
Parking
Library
Warehouse
parking
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Which of the following would be most appropriate for a high-rise building in a high-risk seismic zone?
1. a building on stilts
2. a building with an L-shaped plan
3. a building with a symmetrical T-shaped plan
4. a building with a symmetrical square plan
a building with a symmetrical square plan
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Which of the following is NOT a primary structural system that is employed to resist lateral loads?
1. Shear walls
2. Braced frames
3. Hinged Frames
4. moment-resisting frames
hinged frames
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All of the following are critera for base isolation systems EXCEPT:
The system must allow lateral movement.
The system must control the movement between ground and structure.
Energy must be dissipated in the isolators.
The system must amplify ground accelerations.
The system must amplify ground accelerations.
-
An eccentrically braced frame (EBF) utilized to resist lateral seismic forces in a building is a
frame in which diagonal members are connected to a beam a short distance from the column joint
-
Base isolation in an office building is most effective for which of the following buidling heights, assuming that the areas per floor are the same?
one story
four story
twenty story
forty story
four story
-
Buckling of a column can be reduced by which of the following? (4)
A. increasing the size of the member
B. Rotating the column
C. Bracing the column
D. Chaning the type of end restraints
E. Reducing the length of the column
F. Reducing the radium of gyration
A,C, D, E
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A loss of soil shear strength resulting in the movement of the surficial soil layers of a building site in a direction parallel to the ground surface under earthquake conditions is most likely caused by
liquefiable solids
-
The recommended deflection criteria due to wind loading on a brick veneer wall utilizing a metal stud back up system is
L/600
-
Which of the following professions has primary legal responsibility for the performance of a building in an earthquake?
Architect
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Which of the following material lists provides ductility in building construction in the order of highest to lowest?
1. steel, reinforced masonry, reinforced concrete, wood
2. Wood, steel, reinforced masonry, reinforced concrete
3. REinforced masonry, reinforced concrete, wood, steel
4. Steel, reinforced concrete, reinforced, masonry, wood
Steel, reinforced concrete, reinforced, masonry, wood
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A primary cause of failure of conrete masonry walls during hurricanes is
lack of vertical reinforcement
-
Earthquake regulations of model codes are intended to provide resistance to
ground shaking
-
A structure will have a better chance of surviving an eathquake if which of the following is true
1. principal members change section abruptly
2. The load-bearing members are not equally loaded
3. All columns and walls are discontinuous
4. the structure has redundancy
the structure has redundancy
-
Which of the following considerations in structural design are based on probability as a result of historical analysis?
water pressures, wind forces, dead loads, soil pressures
wind forces
-
What is dead load?
A permanent load. The building itself.
-
What is live load?
it's anything that is not permanent (applied as a force)
-
Explain the difference between Static vs. Dynamic forces
The weight of a structure produces a static effect.
If that structure is suddenly moved or stopped from moving at which a dynamic effect occurs (through the inertia or momentum of the mass of the structure)
examples of dynamic forces-waves, earthquakes, blasts, people walking
-
What is the state of static equilibrium?
blancing of active loads and the reactions
-
Blancing of active loads and the reactions refers to what
State of static equalibrium
-
Moment = _______ x ________
force x distance
-
describe the difference between stress and strain
- stress is an internal force in a structure (not visually apparent)
- strain is what occurs from the effect of stress (effect is visible)
-
name 3 characteristics that any building must have in order to function
- 1. stability
- 2. strength
- 3. stiffness
-
Name 3 different types of stress
- linear:
- 1. tension
- 2. compression
-
What is the modulus of elasticity?
The relationship from stress to strain that is constant and proportional in magnatude.
-
What is Direct Stress Modulus?
direct stress of tension or compression (linear change<strain)
-
What is shear stress modulus?
strain measured as angular change
-
Describe yield stress
when material behaves elastically up to some point (stress magnatude at which point it begins to deform excessively)
-
Describe Strain Hardening Point
when the limit of ductile deformation is reached and the material starts to behave semi elastically for a short time then ultimatly failing.
-
Time at which a dynamic load occurs one full cycle of motion is called
Fundamental period
-
Fundamental Period is
Time at which a dynamic load occurs one full cycle of motion is called
-
STRESS = _______/__________
S=TOTAL LOAD ON THE MEMBER/ AREA OF THE CROSS SECTION
-
Construction loads
a stack of plywood on the roof, a temporary load during construction.
-
Name enviornmental loads.
enviornmental loads are unpedictable
- Rain, Snow - code
- thermal
- wind
- seicmic
- hydrostatic
- load factors
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