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Define medical gases?
Classified as laboratory gases, therapeutic gases or anesthetic gases.
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What are laboratory gases used for?
Used for equipment calibration and diagnostic testing
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What are therapeutic gases used for?
To relieve symptoms and improve the O2 of PTs with hypoxemia
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What are anesthetic gases used for?
Combined with O2 to provide anesthia during surgery
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What are some characteristics about Oxygen or O2?
- Colorless, odorless, transparent, tasteless gas
- Not very soluble in water
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What is the amount of O2 in ml that dissolves in 100ml of water?
3.3 ml dissolves in 100ml of water
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What is the density of O2?
1.429g/L
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A large quantity is produced by?
Fractional distillation
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What are some characteristics about air?
- Colorless, odorless
- Naturally occuring gas mixture that contains: 20.95% O2, 78.1% nitrogen and 1% trace gas
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What is the density of air?
1.29g/L
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How is medical grade air produced?
- Filtering and compressing atmospheric air
- Air must be dry, free of oil and particulate contamination
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What are some characteristics about CO2?
Colorless, odorless, does not support combustion
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How is CO2 produced?
Heating limestone in contact with H2O
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What are some characteristics about helium? He
- Odorless, tasteless, nonflammable
- 2nd lightest gas
- Good conductor of heat, sound and electricity but poorly soluble in water
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Can Helium (He) be therapeutic?
- Must always be mixed with at least 20% O2
- AKA Heliox
- Used for severe asthma to reduce the work of breathing
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What are some characteristics of Nitrous Oxide? N2O
- Colorless gas with a slightly sweet odor and taste
- Used for anesthetic agent
- Can support combustion
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How is N2O produced?
Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate
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What are some characteristics of Nitric Oxide? (NO)
Colorless, nonflammable, toxic gas that supports combustion
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High exposure to NO can cause what?
- Methemoglbinemia
- Can lead to tissue hypoxia
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What are the main treatments NO can be used for in infants?
- Hypoxic respiratory failure
- Pulmonary hypertension vasodilation
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What does EE stand for on gas cylinders?
Elastic Expansion in cubic centimeters
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What does the star or * mean on the gas cylinder?
If a * is next to the test date it means, DOT approved for 10 year testing
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What does the + sign on the gas cylinder mean?
Means cylinder is approved for filling 10% above its service pressure
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What color tank is O2?
Green
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What color tank is Air?
Yellow
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What color tank is He?
Brown
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What color tank is Nitrous Oxide? N2O
Blue
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What color tank is NO, Nitric Oxide?
Black
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What color tank is CO2?
Gray
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What letters are small tanks and what are they often used for?
- E-AA
- Used for transporting PTs and anesthetic gases
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What kind of valves do Small tanks have?
Post valve and yoke connectors
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What letters are for large tanks, what kind of valve do they have?
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What is the tank factor of an O2 E tank?
0.28
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What is the factor of an O2 G tank?
2.41
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What is the factor of an O2 H/K tank?
3.14
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What are the 3 safety systems for gas cylinders?
- ASSS- American Standard Safety System
- DISS- Diameter- Index Safety System
- PISS- Pin-Index Safety System
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What is the pin for O2 on a PISS? Pins for air?
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When measuring gas filled cylinders, how is it measured?
The volume of gas is directly proportional to its pressure at a constant temperature
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How do you measure cylinder contents for a liquid gas cylinders?
Weigh the cylinder, thats how much gas is within the tank
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The attractive force between like molecules is called?
Cohesion
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The attractive force between unlike molecules is called?
Adhesion
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What are cylinder relief valves for?
They're designed to vent the gas to the atmosphere if the tank is heated; this prevents tank pressure from becoming too high
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What is the bourdon gauge? advantage of bourdon gauge?
- Always used in combination with an adjustable pressure
- Advantage: not effected by gravity
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What is a Thorpe tube? disadvantage?
- Used to measure true flow
- Disadvanatge: effected by gravity
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When would you use a Thorpe tube? When would you use a Bourdon gauge?
- Thorpe: hospital, bedside
- Bourdon: transporting
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What is the working psi at?
50psi
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What are flowmeters and regulators used for?
To control both pressure and flow
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