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dermatology
the study of the skin, diseases of the skin, and their treatments
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epidermis
- outermost layer of skin
- contains many dead cells
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dermis
- middle layer of skin
- contains accessory organs - sweat and oil glands
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subcutaneous tissue
- deepest layer of skin
- contains fat cells and accessory organs
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accessory organs in the skin
- hair
- nails
- sweat glands
- oil glands
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sudoriferous gland
sweat gland
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sebaceous gland
oil gland
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skin functions
- protection
- secretion
- sensation
- thermal regulation
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skin function - protection
protection from fluid loss, bacterial invasion, thermal injury, traumatic injury (puncture)
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skin function - secretion
secretion by sweat and oil glands
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skin function - sensation
sensation through nerve receptors
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skin function - thermal regulation
thermal regulation via sweating and constriction/dilation of blood vessels
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adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
fat
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steatorrhea
fat in fecal material
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cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o
skin
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cutaneous
pertaining to skin
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hypodermic
under the skin
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hidratenitis
inflammation of a sweat gland
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sudoresis, diaphoresis, hyperhidrosis
profuse sweating
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kerat/o
thickened/hard skin
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actinic keratosis
abnormal thickening of the skin due to chronic sun exposure, a precancerous condition
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dermatomycosis
fungal skin infection
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onychomalacia
softening of the nails
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lunula
half moon shaped white portion at the base of nails
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trichomycosis
fungal infection of the hair or hair follicle
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seb/o
oils produced by skin
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seborrheic dermatitis
inflammation of the skin causing flaking and increased oil production (dandruff)
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squamous cell carcinoma
- malignant tumor of epithelial skin cells
- 2nd most common skin cancer
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basal cell carcinoma
- malignant tumor of basal layer of epithelial cells
- most common skin cancer / least dangerous
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Kaposi sarcoma
skin cancer found in AIDS patients
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AIDS
acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
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HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
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melanoma
- cancer of the melanocytes
- 3rd most common skin cancer / most dangerous
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melanocytes
cells that produce the pigment melanin
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melatonin
hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain that helps regulate circadian cycles
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ABCs of skin cancer
- Assymetry
- Border
- Color
- Diameter
- Elevation
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skin hemorrhages
- ecchymosis
- contusion
- petechia
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ecchymosis
- a type of skin hemorrhage
- a large bruise where blood pools under the skin
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contusion
- a skin hemorrhage
- a bruise
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petechia
- a skin hemorrhage
- a very small breakage of single capillaries seen in leukemia patients
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diagnostic ultrasound
uses soundwaves to create an image of a fetus, heart, or bladder
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sonogram / echogram
images produced by ultrasound
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plain / x-ray films
passing a beam of high energy photons (x-rays) through the patient to expose film behind them
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radiopaque
does not let many x-rays pass through, ie bone and metal
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radiolucent
lets many x-rays pass through, ie soft tissues
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CT scan
- computer tomography
- uses x-rays passed through patient in a 360 degree arc to produce images on different planes
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MRI
- magnetic resonance imaging
- strong magnetic field aligns H atoms in one direction and when the field is removed they realign and give off radio waves to produce an image via number of H atoms (water content)
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