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Heart Wall is composed of three layers
- endocardium (inner)
- myocardium (middle)
- epicardium (outermost)
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Endothelium is lined by
simple squamous epithelium
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inner subendothelial layer is composed of?
- dense irregular CT
- collagen
- elastic fibers
-
outer subendothelial layer
collagen and elastic fibers
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Cardiac valves have a central layer of ______ covered by ______?
Dense CT, endothelium
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Myocardium is composed of _________, ________, ________, and ________?
- Cardiac muscle cells
- SA and AV nodes
- Purkinje fibers
- Cardiac skeleton
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In the myocardium between bundles of cardiac muscle cell there are ?
- dense capillary mm.
- lymph vessels
- nerve fibers
- interstitial CT
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SA and AV nodes are composed of ______ that are _____ with ______
- nodal cells
- modified cardiac m. cells
- fewer myofibrils
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Cardiac skeleton parts
- fibrous rings
- fibrous triangle
- fibrous part of the interventricular spetum
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Fibrous rings in the cardiac skeleton are located where?
- surround the AV openings
- surround the aorta and pulmonary trunk
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fibrous triangle is located?
- in cardiac skeleton
- between AV opening and the base of aorta
- dense irregular CT(pigs cats)
- fibrocartilage(dog)
- hyaline cartilage(horse)
- bone(large ruminants)
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Epicardium is _____ and contains ____, ______, ______, and ________
- loose CT
- blood vessels
- nerves/ganglion
- adipose tissue
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epicardium is lined externally by ______ this is called ______
- simple squamous epithelium
- visceral pericardium
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Partietal pericardium consists of ______ layer, ____ layer, and _____ layer
- mesothelial
- collagen
- elastic fibers
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Pericardial cavity is the space between _____ and _____ pericardium
visceral and parietal
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pericardial cavity contains ________ for ______
- serous fluid
- frictionless cardiac movement
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Elastic artery structure
- tunica intima: thicker than other arteries (fine elastic fibers)
- internal elastic membrane: indistinct
- tunica media: thickest layer, concentrically arranged fenestrated elastic laminae
- external elastic membrane: distinct
- tunica externa:vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
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Muscular arteries
- tunica intima:simple squamous (collagen,elastic,smooth m)
- internal elastic membrane: distinct
- tunica media:thick, composed of smooth m. (circular,helical)
- external elastic membrane:not always defined
- tunica externa:vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
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Arteriole structure
- tunica intima: simple squamous, (collagen, elastic, smooth m.)
- internal elastic membrane: fenestrated and disappears in smaller arterioles
- tunica media:1-3 layers of smooth m.
- external elastic membrane:absent
- tunica externa:loose CT
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Capillary structure
endothelial cells, basal lamina, pericytes, and adventitial CT (lacking around brain capillaries)
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