Ap bio mini test one.txt

An amphipathic molecule meaning it has a hydrophobic region and hyrdopphilic.

The membrane is a fluid structure wirh varioys proteins embedded in or attached to a double layer of phospholipids.

Sandwhiched phoshoplipid bilayer betweenb two protein layers. WRONG

Disperses the proteins and immerses them in the phospholipid bi layer, which is in a flid state.

True

True rarely across center. Flip flopping

Proteins that penetrate the hyrdophobic core of the lipud bilayer.

Not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane

Cells ability to distinguish one type of neifhboring cell from another, is crucial to the functioning of an organism

By passing through transport proteins.

• The tendency for
• Molecules of any substance to spread out into available space

Transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, inter cellular joining, cell-cell recognition, and attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.

Short chains of sugars are linked to proteins and lipids on the exterior side of the plasma membrane, where they can interact with the surface molecules of other cells.

Diffusion across a membrane.

isotonic/hypertonic/hypotonic

A transport protein speeds the movement of water or a solute across membrane down its concentration gradient.

The pumping of of solutes against their gradients. Specific membrane proteins use energy,usually in the form of ATP, to do this work.

Transport large molecules. in exocytosis- transport vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane, fuse with it, and release its contents. Endocytosis-large molecules enter cells. Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor- mediated endocytosis

unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division. Multicellular organisms depend on it for development from a fertilized egg, growth, and repair.

• - Usually in the form of chromatin
• - Contains genetic information
• - Composed of DNA- Thicken for cellular division
• -Set number per species (i.e. 23 pairs for human)

• - Spherical shape
• - Visible when cell is not dividing
• - Contains RNA for protein manufacture

• - Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus
• - Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubules
• - Involved in cellular division
• - Lie at right angles to each other

• - A plastid usually found in plant cells
• - Contain green chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place

• - Composed of microtubules
• - Supports cell and provides shape
• - Aids movement of materials in and out of cells

• - Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane
• - Goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane
• - Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system- Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
• - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

• - Protein 'packaging plant'
• - A membrane structure found near nucleus
• - Composed of numerous layers forming a sac

• - Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
• - Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• - Vary in shape depending on process being carried out
• - Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

- Second largest organelle with unique genetic structure- Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae- Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae- Controls level of water and other materials in cell- Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and forms urea

- Each cell contains thousands- Miniature 'protein factories'- Composes 25% of cell's mass- Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum- Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm