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Cartilage and Bone
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What are the types of cartilage?
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Elastic cartilage
3. Fibrocartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
embryonic skeleton
articular surfaces
ribs ends
respiratory system
Where is elastic cartilage found?
pinna of the ear
nose
epiglottis
Where is fibrocartilage found?
intvertebral dics
symphysis pubis
menisci of the knee
What are the parts of cartilage?
1. cells
2. matrix
What are the cells in the cartilage?
1. Chondroblasts
2. Chondrocytes
Where are the chondroblasts located?
in the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium
Where are the chondrocytes located?
in the lacuna within the matrix
What is found in the matrix of catrilage?
1. 40% Collagen Fibers
2. Amorphous Ground Substance
What is an example of Amorphous Ground Substance?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG'S) : e.g., hyluronic acid, chondrotin sulfate, karatan sulfate
How does cartilage grow?
1. Appositional
2. Interstitial
What is Appositional growth?
division of chondroblasts in the pericondrium
What is Interstitial growth?
divisionn of chondrocytes located in the lacuna
What are the types of bone?
1. Spongy (Calcellous, Trabecular)
2. Compact (Dense)
What is the difference between spongy and compact bone?
Spongy bone
DOES NOT
have the osteon of Haversian system, where as
compact bone
DOES.
What are the parts of bone?
1. Inorganic
2. Organic
What is the inorganic portion of bone?
Hydroxyapatitie Crystals
approxiamately 67% of bone (calcium, phosphate, carbonate)
What is the organic portion of bone?
1. ECM- collagen fibers (protiens)
approximately 33% of bone
2. Cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
What are Osteoprogenitor cells?
immature or stem cells that form osteoblasts
What do osteoblasts do?
form bone called osteoid along surfaces of bone
What do osteocytes do?
maintain surrounding bone and are located in the lacuna
What do osteoclasts do?
destroy bone, originate from fusion of blood monocytes
Where does growth occur on the bone and by what means?
1. on the surfaces by APPOSITIONAL at osteogenic layer of periosteum and endosteum
2. in length of long bones at EPIPHYSIAL PLATES by growth of hyaline cartilage and eventual replacemant of it with bone
What is intramembranous ossification/bone formation?
mesenchyme --> bone formation
mostly skull bones
What is endochondral ossification/bone formation?
mesenchyme --> hyaline cartilage model --> cartilage death --> bone formation
How do fractures heal?
similar to endochondral ossification
injury --> bone death --> hyaline cartilage formation --> cartilage death --> bone formation
Is cartilage avascular or vascular?
avascular
Does cartilage have nerves
no
Does cartilage grow?
yes, but very slowly through either appositional or interstitial growth
Does cartilage have a low or high metibolic rate?
low
What are the five components of the structure of compact bone?
1. Osteon or Haversian System
2. Interstitial Lamellae
3. Inner Circumferential Lamellae
4. Outer Circumferential Lamellea
5. Perforating Canal of Volkmann
What is the Osteon or Haversian System/what are the components?
central canal of Haversian (parallel to length of bone)
concentric lamellae
lacunae that contain osteocytes
canaliculi that contain osteocyte processes which communicate with other osteocytes via gap junctions
What does the central canal of Haversian contain?
endosteum
blood vessels (small arteries and veins)
nerve
may contain lymphatic vessel
What is interstitial lamellae?
parts of old osteons located between complete osteons
lacunae with osteocytes and osteocyte processes in canaliculi
What is inner circumferential lamellae?
several layers of lamellae next to endosteum of bone marrow cavity
What is outer circumferential lamellae?
several layers of lamellae next to osteogenic layer of periosteum
What does the perforating canal of volkmann contain?
contains same structures as central canal of osteon
does not
have concentric lamellae surrounding the canal
What are the parts of the long bone?
diaphysis
epiphysis
metaphysis
articular ends
marrow cavity (red marrow and yellow marrow)
coverings (periosteum and endosteum)
What is the diaphysis?
the shaft of the long bone
What is the epiphysis?
the ends that articulate with other bones on the long bone
What is the metaphysis?
between shaft and ends of the long bone
location of the epiphyseal plate
What are the articular ends covered with?
hyaline cartilage
What is red marrow?
the site of blood cell production?
(young people)
What is yellow marrow?
mostly fat cells
(older people)
Where are the periosteum coverings located?
on the outside of the bone
Where are the coverings of the endosteum located?
inside surfaces of bone
What is Wotlff's Law?
bone reponds to stress
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Author
sgreen44
ID
36894
Card Set
Cartilage and Bone
Description
Chapter 6
Updated
2010-09-26T01:06:21Z
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