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No pirate had a "pirate ship" built to specs. Who is the exception?
Stede Bonnet
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What are the two categories of ships?
Men o' War
Merchantmen
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Merchantmen were also know as...
Pinks
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What were the usual characteristics of a merchant ship?
cargo ships
many shapes and riggings
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What are the usual characteristics of Men o' War ships?
Battling ships
Some were HUGE
Used by Navy
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Were the majority of pirate ships merchant ships or Men o' War ships?
Most were merchant ships
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Which two pirates had Men o' War ships?
Black Bart Roberts
Edward Teach (aka Black Beard)
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What kind of ship is this?
Sloop
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How can you tell it is a sloop?
Single mast
Shallow draft
Ship rigged
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Why was the sloop preferred by pirates and pirate hunters?
Highly maneuverable
Fast
East to hide
Can sit in shallow water
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What is the draft of a boat?
How much water it needs to sit in to hold it up
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What kind of rigging is used?
How can you tell?
Ship rigging
It is parallel to the ship
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How is this ship rigged?
How can you tell?
Square Rigged
It looks square, perpendicular to the boat
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What type of ship is this?
A Hoy
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What are Hoy ships used for?
Short hauls
Coastal hit and runs
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How may guns and crew on a Hoy?
6-10 guns
20-30 crew
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What kind of ship is this?
Crumster
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How can you tell it is a crumster?
3 masts
Square rigged
Several sails
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What were crumsters generally used for?
Long hauls (not as maneuverable)
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How many guns and crew to a crumster?
12-20 guns
20-30 crew
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What type of ship is this?
Schooner
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How does a Schooner differ from a Sloop?
Schooner has 2 masts
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What are the characteristics of a Schooner?
What made it a pirate favorite?
Ship rigged
Fast
Manuverable
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How many guns and crew to a schooner?
12 guns
75 crew
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What type of ship is this?
Brig
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How can you tell it is a brig?
2 masts
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How many guns and crew to a brig?
12-20 guns
100 crew
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What type of ship is this?
Galleon
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This general spanish design of a galleon was used by...
Naval
Pinks
Treasure fleets
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How many guns and crew to a galleon?
80 + guns
200 crew
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Disadvantages to a galleon?
Top heavy
Less stable
Less maneuverable
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3 types of Men o' War:
Corvettes
Frigates
Ship of the Line
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Characteristics of the Corvette:
Smalles of the naval ships
1 gun deck
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How many guns and crew to a corvette?
10-20 guns
40-50 crew
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Characteristics of a Frigate:
Most common
1 1/2 gun decks
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How many guns and crew to a frigate?
24-40 guns
80-120 crew
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Characteristics of a Ship of the Line:
Biggest
Most powerful
3 or 4 gun decks
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How many guns and crew to a Ship of the Line?
32-144 guns
400 crew
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How are vessels measured?
Using tonnage
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What is tonnage?
Volume of the enclosed interior space
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What is the measurement of tonnage?
1 ton = 100 cubic feet
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Royal Fortune (Roberts ship): how many guns, tons:
52 guns
600 tons
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HMS Swallow: how many guns, tons:
54 guns
673 tons
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Queen Ann's Revenge: how many guns, tons:
40 guns
300 tons
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USS Constitution (first American war ship): how many guns and tons:
44 guns
2200 tons
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Mainmast:
Foremast:
Mizzenmast:
Poop Deck:
Bowsprit:
Biggest mast
First mast
Smallest mast
Tallest point at the back of a ship
Very front of the ship
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Was speed or armament more important to a pirate?
Speed
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What is careening?
Cleaning the hull of barnacles, seaweed and toredo worms
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What did effect did barnacles and seaweed have on a ship?
Loss of speed
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What effect did toredo worms have on a ship?
They literally ate the wood of the hull
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Good aspect to careening?
Resupply
Regroup
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Bad aspect to careening?
Defenseless
Exposed to hostile natives
Disease
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How would the pirates protect themselves while careening?
Build fortified camps
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How often was careening necessary?
Every 3 to 4 months in the tropics
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How long did it take to careen a ship?
2-3 weeks
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How did they careen the ships?
Unloaded EVERYTHING
Bring her into shallow water
Roll from side to side
Burn, scrape, recaulk
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Decides strategy and tactics
Captian
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Steers the ship and enforces order (like a
platoon sergeant), chief of the boat
Quarterermaster
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Plots the course
Navigator
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Maintains rigging and manages propulsion, engineer
Bosun
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Fixes the hull and masts
Carpenter
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Maintains guns and magazine
Gunnery officer
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What two people did the pirates love to seize?
Sailing master
Carpenter
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Goal of Navigation:
Find the known shipping lanes
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Navigation Tools
Compass
Backstaff
Spyglass
Charts
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Backstaff
Gives latitude by measuring altitude of the sun at noon
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Spyglass, charts
Help when you have landmasses
Use to identify characteristics of landmasses to tell where you are
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How did they find longitude (east/west)?
No reliable way to determine
Hit your latitude, and turn
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What is the objective of pirates?
To steal and not get caught
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To steal, Plan A:
Scare them into submission
Black Flag
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Black flag said:
“I’m a pirate, surrender or else”
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To steal, Plan B
Take her by force
Red Flag
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Red flag says:
“You had your chance, now no quarter will be given"
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How to capture a prize:
Step 1: Disable her so she can’t flee
- Step 2: Clear the decks of personnel, but
- maintain hull integrity
Step 3: Approach and board
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How to disable a ship (Step 1):
- Break stuff that slows her down by is
- reparirable (rigging, sails, spars, booms, masts, etc)
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What do you use do disable a ship?
Chain shot, bar shot, and jointed shot
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Cannon are made of:
Iron or bronze
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How do you measure a cannon?
By the weight of what it can shoot
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Major problem with cannon:
Only good for a limited number of shots
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4 cannon sizes:
2 pounder
6 pounder
24 pounder
32 pounder
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2 pounder:
2.5 inch bore
600 lbs
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6 pounder:
3 inch bore
1000-1500 lbs
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24 pounder:
4.5 inch bore
3-4000 lbs
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32 pounder:
5 inch bore
4000-5000 lbs
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Some parts of a Cannon:
Cascabel
Vent
Trunnion
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Cascabel:
- The knob at the end that would be
- used to aim
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Vent:
The hole at the back to light it
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Trunnion:
How you would attach it to a sled or a cart
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Swivel guns:
- Rail mounted cannon that fired shot
- up to 3.5 cm in dimameter
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Cannon operation took a crew of:
2-12 per cannon
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Max range of a cannon:
2 miles
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Flat range of a cannon:
300 yards
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How to clear the decks (Step 2):
Kill every living thing in view
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