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antacid drugs?
- aluminum hydroxide (amphojel)
- calcium carbonate (tums)
- dihydroxyaluminum (rolaids)
- aluminum/ magnesium hydroxide (maalox, mylanta)
-
antacid drug info?
- action; neutralizes gastric acid
- drug indications; heartburn, peptic ulcer disease, GERD
- contraindications; undiagnosed abd pain, intestinal obstruction
- adverse reactions; magnesium products=diarrhea, calcium/aluminum products=constipation
- excess antacids=met alkalosis
- interactions; impairs drug absorption (take 1-2 hours after/before other oral drugs
- NI; shake liquids, sm. amt. of water afterwards, chew tablets fallowed by a glass of water, dont use more than 2 weeks, never exceed dose, monitor stools
-
histamine H2 antagonist drugs
- cimetidine (tagamet)
- ranitidine (zantac)
- famotidine (pepcid)
-
histamine h2 antagonist info?
- action; blocks histamine which decreases gastric acid
- indications; peptic ulcer disease, GERD
- contraindications; pregnancy and lactation, children under 16
- adverse reactions; ha, dizziness, confusion, diarrhea
- interactions; do not take with antacids, decrease metabolism of coumadin, dilantin, ineral, valium, flagyl, theophylline, and calcium channel blockers
- NI; take zantac at bedtime, avoid smokin, alchol, caffeine
-
gastric acid-pump inhibitor drugs:
- omeprazole (prilosec)
- lansoprozole (prevacid)
-
gastric acid-pump inhibitor info?
- action; blocks last step in gastric acid production (proton pump inhibitor)
- indications; peptic ulcer disease, GERD
- contraindications; liver disease
- adverse reactions; may be taken with antacid, increase effects of coumadin, dilantin, valium
- NI; take befor breakfast, monitor liver enzymes
-
mucosal protectant drugs;
- sucralfate (carafate)
- misoprostol (cytotec)
-
mucosal protectant info?
- action; increase mucus production in stomach giving protection against acid damage
- indications; helpts prevent NSAID induced gastric ulcers
- contraindications; not effective for duodenal ulcers
- adverse reactions; gi distress, diarrhea
- NI; do not crush, give QID
-
GI stimulant drugs;
metoclopramide (reglan)
-
Gi stimulant drug info?
- action; speeds GI tract motility to increase gastric emptying
- indications; GERD, gastric stasis (food fails to move out of stomach)
- contraindications; intestinal obstruction, GI bleeding
- adverse reactions; drowsiness, dizziness
- interactions; don't give with anticholinergics, narcotic analgesics
- NI; give po 30 min before meals, provide safety for dizzy, check bowl sounds
-
GI antispasmodic drugs?
- propantheline (probanthine)
- dicycomine (bentyl)
-
GI antispasmodic info?
- action; slows gi tract motility and relaxes smooth muscles
- indications; treats IBS
- contraindications; glaucoma, bph, intestinal obstruction
- adverse reactions; dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention
- interactions; no anticholinergics (similar effect)
- NI; give po before meals, sips of liquid for dry mouth, monitor urination
-
Laxative (bulk forming) drugs?
psyllium (metamucil) Dont give dry!!!!!!!!!
-
Laxative (stimulants) drugs?
bisacodyl (dulcolax)
-
Laxative (saline) drugs?
magnesium hydroxide (milk of mag)
-
Laxative (lubricants)
mineral oil (interferes with adek)
-
laxative (stool softener)
ducostate (coloce, surfak)
-
laxative (osmotic)
glycerin suppository (fleets enema)
-
Laxative info?
- action; stimulates peristalsis, absorbs water into stool, softens stool
- indications; treats constipation, cleans out intestines before x rays or surgery, prevents straining for cardiac pts and eye or cranial surgery
- contraindications; abdominal pain, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction
- adverse reactions; abd cramps, diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- NI; never use if abd pain, give w/ a lot of water, increase fiber, record bm, avoid long-term or habitual use
-
antidiarrheal drugs?
- diphenoxylate with atropine (lomotil)
- loperamide (imodium)
- kaolin with pectin (kaopectate)
-
antidiarrheal info?
- action; decrease peristalsis in the intestine
- indication;diarrhea
- contraindications; liver disease, children under 2
- adverse reactions; abd cramps, constipation, lomotil may be habit forming
- NI; give after each loose stool, push fluids
-
antiflatulent drugs?
simethicone (gas x, mylicon)
-
antiflatulent info?
- action; bunches gas bubbles together, does not prevent gas formation
- indications; relieves gas pains after surgery or with gi disorders
- adverse reactions; none
- NI; give after meals, enc ambulation
-
digestive enzyme drugs?
pancrelipase (cotazym, viokase)
-
digestive enzyme info:
- action; breaks down fats, chos, and proteins
- indications; replacement therapy for missing enzymes (pancreas cancer, pancreatitis, pancreas removal, cystic fibrosis
- adverse reactions; nausea, cramps, diarrhea
- NI; give po with each meal
- check for fatty stool=ineffective therapy
-
emetic drugs?
ipecac syrup
-
emetic drug info?
- action; promotes vomiting
- indications;treats drug overdose or poison ingestion
- contraindications; unconcious or convulsing, ingested corrosive agent
- NI; contact poison control, vomiting within 20 min
-
Anticholelithics drugs;
ursodiol (actigall)
-
anticholelithic info?
- indication; treats cholelithiasis (gall bladder)
- contraindications; allergy to bile salts, liver failure
- adverse reactions; nausea, diarrhea
- NI; prolonged therapy for many months and low fat diet, liver function tests, gb us to check on effect,
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