dental radiology

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what type of error is an underdeveloped film? and how does it appear?
- time and temperature
- appears light
name 5 things that an underdeveloped film may result from
- inadequate developer time
- inaccurate timer
- low developer temperature
- inaccurate thermometer
- depleted or contaminated developer solution
what type of error is an overdeveloped film? and how does it appear?
- time and temperature
- appears dark
what are 5 things that could cause an overdeveloped film?
- excess development time
- inaccurate timer
- high developer temperature
- inaccurate thermometer
- hightly concentrated developer solution
How does the film appear as a result of reticulation of emulsion?

appears cracked
how does reticulation of emulsion happen?

results when a film is subject to a sudden temperature change between the developer solution and the water bath
what type of error is developer spots? And what do they look like on the film?
- chemical contamination
- dark spots appear on the film
How do developer spots occur?

seen when the developer solution comes into contact with the film before processing
what type of error are fixer spots? And what do they look like on the film?
- chemical contamination
- white spots appear on the film
how do fixer spots happen?

a result from fixer solution coming in contact with the film before processing
what do yellow-brown stains on the radiograph result from?
- use of exhausted developer
- insufficient fixer time
- insufficient rinsing
what type of error is developer cut off? And how does it appear on film?
- film handling error
- straigth white border appears on the film
what does developer cut off result from?

a low level of developer solution, and represents the underdeveloped portion of the film. film was not completely immersed in developer
what type of error is a fixer cut off? how does it appear on a film?
- film handling error
- straight black border appears on the film
what causes fixer cut off error?

a low level of fixer solution, presents as an unfixed portion on the film, it was not completely immersed in the fixer
what type of error is overlapped films? And how do they appear?/
- film handling error
- white or dark areas appear on film where overlap has occured
how do overlapped films occur?

when 2 films come in contact with eachother during processing
what type of error are air bubbles? How do they appear on the film?
- film handling error
- white spots appear on the film
how do air bubbles occur?

seen when air is trapped on the film surface after the film is placed in the processing solution. they prevent chemicals from affecting the emulsion in that area
what type of error is fingernail aritifact? And how does it apear

black crescent shape marks appear on film
how does fingernail artifact error occur?

seen when film emulsion is damaged by operators fingernail
what type of error is fingerprint artifact? how does it appear?
- film handling error
- a black fingerprint appears on the film
what type of error is static electricity? how does it appear?
- film handling error
- black branching lines appear on film
how does static electricity occur?
- opening a film packet quickly
- opening a film packet before touching another object, such as the film processor or counter top in a carpeted office
- low humidity (most frequently)
what type of error is a scratched film? how does it appear?
- film handling
- white lines appear on the film
how does scratched film occur?

when the soft film emulsion is removed from the film base by a sharp object such as a flim clip or hanger
what type of error is light leak? And how does it appear?
- lighting
- exposed area appears black
what type of error is a fogged film? how does it appear?
- lighting
- film appears grey and lacks image detail and contrast
how might fogged films occur?
- improper safelight and light leaks in dark room
- improper film storage
- outdated films
- contaminated processing solutions
- hight developer temperature

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sthomp88

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dental radiology

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Updated

2010-09-23T05:37:21Z

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