Restorative Arts Bones of Skull

• 2 parietal bones
• 2 temporal bones
• 1 frontal bone
• 1 occipital bone
• 1 sphenoid bone
• 1 ethmoid bone

parietal eminences

• squama
• zygomatic arch
• external auditor meatus
• mandibular fossa
• mastoid process

• frontal eminences
• supraorbaital margin
• supercilary arches
• glabella

• foramen magnum
• occipital protuberance

• greater wing
• lesser wing
• sella turcica

• crista galli
• cribriform plate
• perpendicular plate

• squamosal
• lambdodial
• coronal
• sagittal

joins each parietal bone with the corresponding temporal bone

joins each parietal bone with the occipital bone

joins the frontal bone with each parietal bone

joins the two parietal bone

• 1 mandible
• 2 maxilla
• 2 zygomatic bones
• 2 lacrimal bones
• 2 nasal bones
• 2 inferior nasal conchae
• 2 palatine bones
• 1 vomer

• body of the mandible
• angle of the jaw
• ramus
• coronid process
• condyle of the ramus
• alveolar process
• mental eminence
• incisive fossa

• body of the maxilla
• alveolar process
• nasal spine

• zygomatic co-frontal process
• zygomatic arch

• 8 are in pairs (two of each for a total of 16)
• 6 are single bones

• 6 are in pairs (two of each for a total of 12)
• 2 are single bones

• 2 are in pairs (two of each for a total of 4)
• 4 are single bones

• 2 parietal bones are smooth & convex in curvature
• ea. is marked near its center by a Parietal Eminence
• the widest part of the cranium is measured the between the Parietal Eminences
• they are located a short distance above the posterior border of the ear

• is the vertical portion of the Temporal Bone
• is scale-like, thin, & translucent

Zygomatic Arch, Mandibular Fossa, Mastoid Process, External Auditory Meatus

• projects from the lower part of the squama
• it is long, thin and arched
• is used to establish the widest part of the face & to locate the correct position of the reconstructed ear.
• it divides the ear into equal halves

• is the opening of the ear passage, the front border of the ear is in aligment with this opening
• is the primary structure for the accurate location & position of a reconstructed ear

• is a small oval depression on the under-surface of the Temporal bone, it's located posterior to the Zygomatic Arch
• The Condyle of the lower jaw fits into the socket of the mandibular fosssa
• is the hinge for the lower jaw

of the process Temporal Bone creates the posterior part of the bone, Physiognomically, it is situated under the ear lobe.

• are rounded un-margined prominences, at the upper part of the forehead, they are found on each side of the forehead
• they vary in size & prominence, they may be indistinct & asymmetrical

forms the upper rim of the eye-socket, it lies inerior to the level of the Superciliary Arches

physiognomically, it lies above the medial ends of the eyebrows, they are on the lower part of the forehead

is the small smooth elevation which lies between the Superciliary Arches

• it has a large opening which permits entry of the spinal cord
• in osteology, the word foramen refers to an opening (or hole) in a bone

• is a small jutting eminence which may be felt through scalp, it may serve as a landmark for finding the Foramen Magnum
• occipital comes from the word Occiput meaning the back or posterior part of the head or skull

looks like a wing ( or wings) it helps make up the floor of the cranial cavity, the back of the eye-sockets and part of the temple area

anatomists say it resembles a pair of horns, helps make up the floor of the cranial cavity, the back of the eye-sockets, and part of the temple area

is a landmark of the sphenoid bone, it holds or cradles the pituitary gland

christa cock

of the ethmoid bone is the flat superior surface of the E bone and is part of the floor of the cranial cavity it has many small holes

• of the ethmoid bone is a thin flat plate of bone which extends down in to the nasal cavity on the midline.
• makes up part of the nasal septum

• 2 parietal bones articulate with each other at the Sagittal Suture
• marks the highest or most superior part of the cranial dome

• is curved in the form of a horseshoe and has 3 important structures
• The Alveolar process
• The Mental Eminences
• The Incisive Fossa

2 perpendicular structures on ea. side of the mandible

• ea. ramus terminates in 2 processes, the coronoid process & the condyle of the ramus
• condyle is the posterior process which rests in the socket of the Temporal Bone.

• has 16 sockets for the teeth
• normally the inferior teeth are set slightly within those of the upper jaw to afford a satisfactory "bite"
• the position of the lower jaw affects the surface contour of the mouth, the lower lip should be slightly posterior to the upper lip
• normally the upper & lower teeth are not tightly contracted, there is a slight interval between them
• tight= not a relaxed appearance
• tight facial muscles= a change in the form of the cheeks

• is a marked by a faint vertical ride on the midline of the body of the mandible
• it divides & encloses the triangular landmark

• between the mental eminence & the incisor teeth, the surface recedes
• word fossa always indicates a depression or concave recession
• its a recession that is most readily seen from the profile view, its responsible for the recession of the central plane of the lower lip

forms the lateral & lower rim of the eye-socket

• are the thickest & most spongy part of the Maxillae
• they are sockets for the teeth, their are 16

• comes from latin word for tears, the smallest & most fragile bone of the face
• it is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit (eye-socket)

• Sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal= SEL
• lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid= LES

• articulate directly inferior to the glabella
• viewed in profile, they "dip" posteriorly below the glabella
• together they create a dome over the superior part of the nasal cavity

• bony ridge or ledge on thelateral wall of the nasal cavity
• is one of the turbinates in the nose, it extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

• are 2 small bones which help form the posterior part of the roof of the mouth
• these bones give us the word "palate" which refers to the roof of the mouth

• is latin for plowshare, it's located on the midline in the base of the nasal cavity along with the perpindicular plate of the ethmoid bone it forms the nasal septum
• its the wall that divides the nasal cavity into right & left parts