HPP

• surrounds cell
• made of proteins and lipids
• composition and function can vary from one region of cell to another

• cytosol
• cytoskeleton
• organelles

• organelles, cytoskeleton, inclusions
• all embedden in clear cytosol

internal structures of a cell that carry out specialized metabolic traits

• those surrounded by one or more layers of membrane
• nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, ER, golgi complex

ribosomes, centrosome, centriole, basal bodies

• keeps everything together
• collection of protein filaments-microfillaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

stored cellular components and fat droplets

to determine shape of the cell, lend structural support, organize its contents, direct movement of substances through the cell, and contribute to cell movement as a whole

• made of actin
• form a network on cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane celled the terminal web-supports cell

• are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments and resist stresses placed in the cell
• help junction with other cells

• cylinders that are thick tubes
• very important in drug target
• long and hollow and made of globular porteins

• determines shape of cell
• lends structural support
• organizes its contents
• directs movement of substances through the cell
• contributes to the movement of cells as a whole

array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between the opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart

dynamic instability and constantly assembling and disassembling

• kinesins, dyneins, dynamin and myosin
• molecular molecules move things and require ATP to move

• largest organelle
• most cells have one
• consists of nuclear envelope and nucleoplasm
• keeps DNA

• 2 unit membranes surrounds nucleus
• perforated by nuclear pores that regulate molecular traffic
• supported by nuclear lamina

• materials in nucleus
• chromatin and nucleoli

thread like material composed of DNA and protein

one or more dark masses where ribosomes are produced

made up of chromosomes which are DNA

• system of interconnected channels called cisternae enclosed by unit membrane
• rough and smooth

• composed of parallel flattented sacs covered with ribosomes
• produces the phospholipids and proteins of the plasma membrane
• synthesizes proteins

• lack ribosomes
• synthesize steroids and other lipids
• detox alcohol

small granules of protein and RNA

nucleoli, cytosol, outer surfaces of rough ER, nuclear envelope

• They read coaded genetic messages from mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins
• where proteins are made

• a small system of cisternae that synthesizes carbohydrates and put the finishing touches on protein and glycoprotein synthesis
• gets from rough ER and packages them

package of enzymes bound by a single unit membrane

• intracellular hydrolytic digestion of proteins, nucleic acids, etc
• autophagy and autolysis

digest and dispose of worn out mitochondrial and other organelles

• cell suicide
• some cells are mant to do certain jobs and then destroy themselves

resemble lysosomes but contain different enzymes and not produced by the golgi complex

• they convert things to H2O2
• detox alcohol and break down fatty acids

• stored cellular products and foreign bodies
• not needed in cell ofr survival and never enclosed by a membrane

the process by which a gas or a substance in a solution expands because of the motion of its particles to fill all the available volume

from solute particles from high to areas of low concentration

• the diffusion of solvent molecules into a region in which there is a higher concentration of a solute to whihc the membrane is impermeable
• a certain pressure involved

• one osmole equals the gram molecular weight of a substance divided by the number of freely moving particles that heach molecule liberates in solution
• ex- if solution ionizes= number of moles/ions present
• if does not ionize= 1

• ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell
• depends on concentration and permeability of solute

• has a lower concentration of non permeating solutes than ICF
• cells absorb water and swell and may burst

• has a higher concentration of non permeating solutes and a low water concentration
• cell loses water and shrivels

concentrations in cell and ICF are the same so there is no change in cell volume or shape

• it is a semipermeable membrane where only certain things can go through
• it has a hydrophilic heads on the outside and hyrophobic region inside the membrane

proteins that completely span the bilayer

loosely bound to the outer or inner surface of the membrane

• unique fuzzy coat external to the plasma membrane
• functions are protection, cell adhesion, immunity, defense, fertilization, embryonic development

• serve to increase surface area of cell
• serve to help increase absorption and are made of actin

• hair like things that are on cell for sensory (ear nose) and can beat in waves and move mucus out
• move by power strokes

• tail of a sperm
• move around in a whip like structure and are very long