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-nerve cells
-transmitting messages to or from the brain
Nuerons
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Components of a Nueron
- Dendrite
- Axon
- myelin sheath
- axon terminals
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catch the message from the next cell over..converts the message
dendrites
-
cable...path that the message will follow
axon
-
fatty substance
myelin sheath
-
change message back to a chemical (sprays it out)
axon terminals
-
nuero transmitters
chemical messages
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What are the nervous systems?
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
-
what system contains the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System
-
what system is where the nerves are around the body?
Peripheral Nervous System
-
types of touch
pressure, pain, and temperature
-
doing something without actually thinking about it
Autonomic Sense
-
some effects of Fight or Flight
- -increased heart rate
- -respiration
- -presperation
- -pupil contraction and dilation
-
what are the three sections of the brain?
Hind brain, Mid brain, and Fore brain
-
what part of the brain contains the medulla-vital functions
Hind
-
what does Pons control?
movement, alertness, attention, sleep etc...
-
what's in the mid brain?
Recticular Activity System
-
Snaps back into consciousness
Recticular Activity system
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where is the fore brain?
at the top
-
control system for all messages, in and out of the brain
Thalamus
-
what controls the temperature, storage of nutrients, metabolism, motivation, and some emotion?
Hypothalamus
-
what system control learning, memory formation, desires, emotion, and aggression?
Limbic System
-
what is 70% of the brian tissue
Cerebrum
-
what is the surface area of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
-
what are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
parietal lobe, temporal lobe, ocipital lobe, ad frontal lobe
-
what lobe is at the rear of the cerebrum and is the sight?
Ocipital
-
what is the auditory sense
temporal lobe
-
what lobe is the touch sensations?
parietal lobe
-
what lobe has the motor skills?
Frontal lobe
-
what secrete hormones?
glands
-
what are chemicals that provoke a response
hormones
-
what is it called when the body will self-regulate at a constant state?
homeostasis
-
what are five different types of glands?
Brain, Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Sex glands
-
what gland is responsible for the growth hormone?
Pituitary Gland
-
what gland is in the neck and regulates the metablism?
Thyroid Glands
-
what supplies hormones responsible for energy?
Adrenal Glands
-
what sex characteristics give facial hair, lowering of the voices, aggresion, and muscle mass?
Testorone
-
what sex characteristics does breast development and menstruation belong to?
Estrogen
-
who was the first case study of the brain?
Phineas Gage
-
what did we learn from Phineas Gage accident.
There are different parts of the brain and some are more important than others
-
what are 3 examples of electric stimulation?
dystenia patient, the rats and bulls
-
what are four different brain scans?
-
x-rays internal organs
uses radiation
very clear
2-d
C.A.T. scan
-
Magnetic Reasoning Image
3-d
not as clear
M.R.I.
-
monitors electric activity
more constant idea of what's happening
E.E.G.
-
constant monitoring...color coded
2d
P.E.T scan
-
4objectives
Describe, explain, control/change, and predict
-
Describe evolutionary perspective
Focuses on natural selection, adaption, and evolutionary (Darwin)
-
Experiment
Manipulates and controls variables (depend, ind., and control)
-
Critical thinking and parts
Object evaluate, compare, synthesize info. 1. Affective (emotional) truthaccept change, welcome opposing views. 2. Behavioral(actions) delayingjudgment, precise terms 3. Cognitive(thought) no overgeneralization, ind.thought
-
Father of psych
Wilhelm wundt (structuralism: structures of the mind)
-
Functionalism
(Watson) how brain helps to function in world
-
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Unconscious process and unresolved past conflict
-
behavioral perspective
observable environmental influence on overt behavior (watson, skinner, pavlov)
-
-
humanistic
positive, free will, reaching for self actualization (Rogers, Maslow)
-
cognitive
understanding and thinking process
-
neuroscience
genetic and biological process in brain and nervous system
-
sociocultural perspective
social interactions
-
UNIFYING THEME
Biopsychosocial perspective
-
basic vs applied
- basic: research for science sake
- applied: for real life use
-
Psychological guideline
- -informed consent
- -restricted use of deception
- -voluntary participation
- -debriefing
- -confidentiality
- -alternative activities
-
brain
forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
-
forebrain consists of
cerebral cortex, lymbic system, thalamus, and hypothalamus
-
midbrain
(eye movement visual stimulus) reticular formation
-
hindbrain
pons, medulla, and cerebellum
-
peripheral nervous system
somatic ( motor sensory) and autonomous
-
autonomous
sympathetic (arouses) and parasympathetic (calms)
-
neuroplasticity
reorganize and change formation of new synapses.
-
neurogenesis
replace lost cells
-
spinal cord
coluntary and reflex responses
-
medulla
respiration and heart rate. LIFE SURVIVAL
-
cerebellum
little brain. fine muscle movement and balance. perception and some cognition
-
pons
sleeping, dreaming, respiration, equilibrium, movement coordination
-
reticular formation
filters sensory info and alerts brain center
-
thalamus
major sensory relay center and integrates info
-
hypothalamus
*pleasure pathway (helps govern drives and hormones)
-
limbic system && its components
- (emotions drives and memory)
- -hippocampus- forming and retrieving memory
- -amygdala- regulation of emotion
-
frontal lobe
higher functions, speech production, and motor control. Brocas area= formation of words
-
parietal
(somatosensory cortex location) interpret bodily sensation (pressure, temp., location etc)
-
temporal lobe
hearing (wernickes area) language comprehension
-
occipital
visual and visual interpretation
-
orientation association
physical boundaries of time and space
-
nature vs. nurture
nature (environmental influence) nurture (biological influence)---twin studies, family studies, and adoption studies
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