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Management Interoperability Subdimensions
- The communication viewpoint
- The function viewpoint
- The information viewpoint
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Analogy
Two persons want to successfully conduct a business interaction
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communication viewpoint
must hear each other and must speak the same language
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function viewpoint
know what services they can provide
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information viewpoint
clear about what you are talking about
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Communications Rules Need to be Established
How is the agent supposed to react if two messages that seemingly contain the same request are received?
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Informational
Viewpoint
- Introduces common terminology between manager
- and agent
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Standards
The role of standards is to establish common rules that everyone adheres to.
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Management Interoperability Standards
The rules for management message exchange, and the way in which management messages encode information
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Management Life Cycle
- Plan
- -Current and forecasted needs
- Deploy
- –Install, configure, and turn up
- equipment
- Operations
- –Monitoring, tuning, statistics
- Decommission
- –Orderly plan to replace or
- eliminate equipment
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Telecommunications Management Network
- a set of standards by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T)
- related to the principles for how networks used to manage
- telecommunication networks are to be constructed and which standards they should adhere to.
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Element management
Managing individual devices and keeping them running
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Network management
Managing relationships and dependencies between elements (devices)
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Services management
Managing the services provided by the network
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Business management
Billing, help-desk, business forecasting, etc.
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Network element
The management agent
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(FCAPS)
Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security
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Standardize
Common tasks should follow a predefined template
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Cryptography
a branch of mathematics used to protect information.
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cipher
the mathematical function used to scramble
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encrypt
the message so it can be unscrambled
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decrypted
by the intended recipient, but not by anyone else
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Plaintext
the message you wish to send/encrypt
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Ciphertext
the message after its encrypted
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Key
- similar to a password, used to access your data
- Measured in bits
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Breaking the code
Brute force (key search) attack
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Private Key Cryptography
- Sender and receiver must share a key, which
- must be kept private
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Diffie-Hellman Public Key System
- Used frequently in Cisco routers
- Each participant starts with his or her own secret key
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RSA Algorithm
- Public key system used by PGP and others
- Key servers server public keys for people over the Internet.
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PGP
- Plaintext is encrypted with session key
- Session key is a 1-time use symmetrical key randomly generated
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The receiver uses
SECRET key to decrypt
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The sender uses
PUBLIC key to encrypt the message/text
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Digital Signatures
A message digest function produces a number (with PGP, a 128-bit number) with the message
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PGP
- Your keys are kept on keyrings
- Your secret key is stored encrypted using IDEA encryption
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