Midterm Exam

normal structure/ parts of the body

study of fucntions of the body

Pathology

anything that disrupts or upsets the normal structure or function of the body

• 1^st Cell:
• basic unit of life and the building blocks of life

• 2^nd Tissue:
• group of cells

• 3^rd Organ:
• group of tissues

• 4^th Organ System:
• group of organs

• 5^th Organism:
• group of organ systems

• 1. Integumentary
• 2. Skeletal
• 3. Muscular
• 4. Respiratory
• 5. Digestive
• 6. Urinary
• 7. Cardiovascular/Lymphatic
• 8. Endocrine
• 9. Nervous
• 10. Reproductive

Metabolism. The break down and building up of body materials; all the changes that food will undergo in the body

1. Catabolism: breakdown of food

2. Anabolism: buidling up of body materials; the product of breakdown is used to manufacture materials needed for growth, structure, and function

ATP is adenosinetriphosphate. It is the energy compound in the cell.

transfer materials to and from the cell

60 percent

Extracellular Fluids (ECF)

fluids inside the cell

fluid moving from an area of less conc. to an area of greater conc.

fluid moving from an area of greater conc. to an area of less conc.

state of balance in the internal environment

normal anatomical position

ventral and anterior

dorsal and posterior

away from the middle

midline or middle

median

towards the middle

medial

up/above

the mouth is superior to the chin

down/below

the mouth is inferior to the nose

towards the head

caudad

close to origin

distal (away from origin)

proximal

distal

sagittal plane

Mid-Sagittal Plane

frontal/coronal plane

When the body is divided into the superior and internal parts

• dorsal cavity
• contains the ¹cranial cavity (brain) and the ²spinal cavity (spinal cord)

• ventral cavity
• contains the ¹thoracic cavity, ²abdominal cavity and ³pelvic cavity

heart, lungs, blood vessels etc.

liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, small intestines and kidneys

colon, reproductive organs and urinary bladder

flat muscle that divides the thorax and the abdomen

Nine

• 1. epigastic (right and left chondriac)
• 2. umbillical (right and left lumbar)
• 3. hypogastrics region (right and left iliac)

• Epidermis:
• outermost layer, no blood vessels, no nerve endings and contains melanocytes

• Dermis:
• true skin, rich in blood supply, many sensory receptors, hair follicles and glands

• Subcantaneous:
• adipose _(fatty) layer, cushions and insulates.

protection, helps regulate body temperature, helps excrete wastes and manufactures vitamin D

support/framework, assists in movement, manufactures red, white, etc. blood cells, and produces Ca

• osteoblasts:
• young bone cells that initiate the development

• osteocytes:
• mature bones cells that maintain the bone formed from osteoblasts embedded in the bone

• osteoclasts:
• destroyer cells that resorb the bone

• compact bone tissue:
• found in the disphysisi of a long bone

• spongy bone tissue:
• found in the epiphysis of the long bones or flat bones

• epiphysis:
• superior and inferior part of the bone

• shaft:
• median part of the bone

• periosteum:
• fibrous covering of the outside of the bone

• endosteum:
• lines the medullary cavity inside

• marrow:
• manufactures red blood cells

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal

• flexion
• extension
• adduction
• abduction
• rotation
• circumduction
• pronation
• supination
• eversion
• inversion

movement

• voluntary muscles/skeletal muscle:
• attached to the bones and under concious control

• involuntary/smooth muscles/viscernal muscle:
• found in digestive tract and not under concious control

• cardiac muscle (myocardium):
• heart muscle

• excitibility/irritability:
• reacts to electrical impulse

• conductivity:
• receive and generate electrical impulse

• automaticity:
• cardiac muscle, generates electrical impulses w/o external nervous stimulate