s

high death rate, high birth rate, young population, low population growth

high birthrates, declining death rates, growing population

both death and birth rates rapidly fall, population grows but growth stabilizes

birth rate declines to equal death rate, natural population growth, (not including immigration) stops

birth rates decline, death rates increase, population shrinks

stage 5 photo

births / year over population x 1000

shows number of babies / 1000 people

number of deaths in 1 year / population x 1000

gives death / 1000 in a year.

subtracting death rate from birth rate (forget immigration) and expressing as a percent (dividing by 10)

doubling time equal 70 / growth rate %. eg canada is 70/0.3 equals 233 years to double population.

total number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime. this number is 2.1 children / women for replacement rate

tendency for population to increase even after TFR is less than 2.1.

population momentum is crude birth rate (divide by 1000) / life expectancy. Momentm of more than 1 means populaiton is naturally increasing

city with more than 10 million people

crime, traffic, poverty, pollution, climate change, slums, lack of access to healthcare,

• 60% of lagosians live in slums
• more than 200 slums in Lagos
• average resident spends 30 hours in traffic / week
• IMR of 35/1000 vs 3.4/1000 in bc
• 90% of people don't have access to water in homes
• only 60% have access to electricity
• Only 40% have access to sanitation services

push factors drive you away from a place, and pull factors are things that make you want to go to a place

when people have no choice but to relocate because of political conflicts, environmental disasters, or development projects

refugees, asylum seekers, Internally displaced persons, victims of human trafficking

people who reside outside of nationality and are unable to go back because of persecution.legitimate refugees have right to residency and the right to work for wages. unrecognized refugees are returned to place of origin.

people who cross borders intending to be refugees, but whose claim is still being processed.claims are not legitimate yet.

people who have been forcefully relocated in their own countries (internal refugees). Dont' face residency issues, but lack protections offered to refugees.

IDPs who are forced to move b/c development is occuring in the area where they currently live

people who are forced to move b/c of environmental issues (usually IDPs)

people who are forced to move through deception or coercion. modern slavery.

• schools must adapt for learners who don't know the language
• forced migrants must initially rely on welfare and likely to cause wage depression as they work for low wages
• may lead to increases in violence, racism, intolerance, etc
• helps create age balance, but also puts stresses on services