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SOURCES OF EVIDENCE/KNOWLEDGE FOR NURSING PRACTICE
- 1. Customs and Tradition
- 2. Authority
- 3. Clinical Experience, Trial and Error, Intuition
- 4. Logical Reasoning
- 5. Assembled Information
- 6. Discipline Research
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Research is from the Old French Word ________ meaning to “______” “One seeks new knowledge or to directly utilize knowledge specific to life situations.”
cerchier, seek or search
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According to Oxford languages, research is:
(n) the systematic _________ into and study of materials and sources in order to establish _____ and reach new __________
(v) investigate ______________
investigation, facts, conclusions
systematically
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According to Polit & Beck, 2010, research is systematic _______ that uses ___________ to answer questions and solve problems. The ultimate goal of research is to _______, ______, and ______ a body of knowledge.
inquiry, disciplined methods, develop, refine, expand
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According to John W. Best, research is a systematic and objective analysis and recording of _____________ that may lead to the development of ___________, ________ or __________ resulting in ________ and possibly ultimate _______ of events.
controlled observations, generalizations, principles, theories, prediction, control
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According to Creswell, J.W. 2008, research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. It consists of three steps:
- 1. Pose a question
- 2. Collect data to answer the question
- 3. Present an answer to the question
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According to Calmorin, 2008, research is a scientific investigation of phenomena which includes __________, __________, ______ and __________ of facts that link man’s speculation with reality.
collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation
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According to PNA, research is an honest, scientific investigation undertaken for the purpose of discovering _______ or establishing ____________ among facts already known which will contribute to the present body of knowledge and can lead to an effective __________ of existing problems. It involves _______________ to revise or revalidate accepted conclusions and previously held concepts or to establish generalizations or principles.
new facts, new relationships, solution, careful or critical thinking
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According to ADPCN, research is defined as a scientific process that validates __________ and generates __________ to improve nursing practice, client outcomes, and health care delivery system.
existing theories/models, new knowledge
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According to Western Sydney University, research is defined as the creation of new ___________ and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new ______, ____________ and ___________. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.
knowledge, concepts, methodologies, understandings
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According to Treece and Treece (1973), nursing research is the breadth and depth of the _______________ and the __________, ________, and ___________ aspects of nursing as well as the __________ of practitioners and personnel involved in the total nursing sphere.
discipline of nursing, rehabilitative, therapeutic, preventive, preparation
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According to Burns and Grove (2009), nursing research is a scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly influences the delivery of __________________.
evidence-based nursing practice
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According to Polit and Beck (2010), nursing research is a Systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of
importance to the _____________, including nursing practice, education, administration, and informatic.
nursing profession
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What are the characteristics of research (according to Calmorin &Calmorin, 2008)?
- 1. Empirical
- 2. Logical
- 3. Cyclical
- 4. Analytical
- 5. Critical
- 6. Methodical
- 7. Replicability
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(Characteristics of research) based on direct experience or observation by
the researcher
Empirical
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(Characteristics of research) based on valid procedures and principles
Logical
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(Characteristics of research) starts with a problem and ends with a problem
Cyclical
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(Characteristics of research) utilizes proven analytical procedures in
gathering the data
Analytical
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(Characteristics of research) exhibits careful and precise judgment
Critical
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(Characteristics of research) without bias using systematic method and
procedures
Methodical
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(Characteristics of research) repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results
Replicability
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