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- A - Anterior superior iliac spine
- B - Greater sciatic notch
- C - Ischial Spine
- D - Lesser sciatic notch
- E - Ischial tuberosity
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where does the sacroiliac ligament span
between the iliac spine and the sacrum
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where does the sacrospinous ligament span
between the ischial spine and the sacrum
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where does the sacrotuberous ligament span
runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and the ileum
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what forms between the sacrospinous and the sacrotuberous ligaments
the lesser and great sciatic foramens
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what type of joint is the pubic symphysis
- a secondary cartilaginous joint
- - fibrocartilage
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label 
- 1 - head of femur
- 2 - neck
- 3 - greater trochanter
- 4 - lesser trochanter
- 5 - linea aspera
- 6 - lateral epicondyle
- 7 - medial epicondyle
- 8 - lateral condyle
- 9 - medial condyle
- 10 - intercondylar notch/fossa
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what is the part of the hemipelvis that the femur articulates to called
acetabulum
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what 2 ligaments provide support to the hip joint
the pubofemoral ligament (from pubis to femur) and iliofemoral
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label
- 1 - tibial plateau
- 2 - trochlear notch
- 3 - tibial tuberosity
- 4 - fibular head
- 5 - medial malleolus
- 6 - lateral malleolus
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what are the 2 synovial joints of the knee
patellofemoral and tibiofemoral
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when is the knee able to produce rotation
only during flexion - during extension it is actually the hip that produces rotation of the leg
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what do the menisci do
they improve congruency between the tibio-femoral joint and allow for increased movement
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what is larger out of the MCL and LCL
the LCL is shorter and thicker than the MCL. the MCL blends with the knee joint capsule
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what type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint
plane joint
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what type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint
a fibrous joint (syndysmosis)
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what type of joint is the talocrural joint
hinge joint. articulation between the distal tibia and fibula and the trochlea of the talus
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what is the fascia lata
the outer layer of the fascia around the muscles of the leg
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label
- A - psoas major
- B - iliacus
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roles of psoas major and iliacus
attached to anterior side of the hip, strong hip flexors
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label
- a - gluteus maximus
- b - gluteus medius
- c - gluteus minimus
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what motions do gluteus max, med and mini produce
- maximus is a hip extensor, and abducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint
- minimus and medius are both hip abductors
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label
- A - sartorius
- B - rectus femoris
- C - Vastus lateralis
- D- cut rectus femoris (tendons)
- E - vastus intermedius
- F - vastus medialis
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what movement do the quadriceps acheive
knee extension
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what movement does sartorius contrbute to
hip flexion
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what bone do all the posterior superficial muscles of the leg attach to
the calcaneus, through the calcaneal tendon
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what action do the superficial posterior muscles of the leg achieve
strong plantar flexors
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what movement does the popliteus produce
medial rotation of the knee
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what are the 3 major foot muscle groups
- hallucis muscles - control big toe
- digiti minimi - control the small toe
- central muscles - varied attachments and functions
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what 2 main plexi serve the lower limb
the lumbar plexus and lumbosacral plexus
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what plexus does the femoral nerve arise from
the lumbar plexus (L2-4)
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what does the femoral nerve innervate
supplies anterior compartment of the thigh
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where does the obturator arise from
the lumbar plexus (L2-4)
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where does the obturator foramen leave the pelvis
the obturator foramen
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what does the obturator nerve supply
the adductor muscles and the medial compartment of the thigh
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what 2 branches does the obturator nerve give rise to
anterior and posterior
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Where does the sciatic nerve arise from
L4-S3 (lumbosacral)
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what does the sciatic nerve split into
the common fibular and tibial nerves
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what does the tibial nerve innervate
the posterior leg compartment and the muscles of the posterior foot
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what does the fibular nerve split into
superficial and deep fibular nerve
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what does the superficial fibular nerve supply
the lateral compartment of the leg
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what does the deep fibular nerve supply
the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot. has a close relationship with the interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula
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describe the divisions of the aorta, through the leg
the abdominal aorta splits into the left and right common iliac arteries, which both split into internal and external iliac arteries (roughly L4-5). Once the external artery runs deep to inguinal ligament, it becomes the femoral artery which travels through the subsartorious canal, deep to the femoral nerve. The femoral artery runs through the adductor haitus to enter the posterior thigh and becomes the popliteal artery. The popliteal artery becomes the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The posterior tibial artery will branch again to form the fibular artery
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describe the veinous drainage of the lower limb
the dorsal venous arch on the dorsal side of the foot contributes to the small and great saphenous veins, which are superficial veins. The great saphenous vein runs on the medial aspect of the ankle, the posteromedial aspect of the knee, and contributes to the femoral vein. The small saphenous vein runs behind the lateral malleolus and the posterior aspect of the leg before fusing with the popliteal vein. Deep veins follow the same path as arteries (fibular joins postierior tibial, which contributed by to by anterior tibial before becoming popliteal, then femoral, then external iliac, then IVC
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where might lymph nodes be found in the lower limb
in the popliteal region and within the femoral and inguinal regions
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