Graphic design History

• -Communicates by showing which animals are in the area
• - Desire for aesthetic value. Desire to make it beautiful. Desire to create.

Used as a form of currency. Each unique clay shapes holds different value

First written language. Using logo-symbolic language. Cut with a stylist. The epic of Gilgamesh was made on tablet.

Shows a caricature of humans. They have big ears and clothes. shows fun!

Rock carving or engraving. Is scratched onto rock.

Is painted on rock. Using natural pigments.

An image represents a word or a letter.

Each symbol represents a sound. First written language that uses sound as letters.

Each Symbol represents an entire word

Carved in Bareleaf style. Shows the first Roman alphabet (and font)

-Illuminated Manuscript, Took years to make (about 30 years) as it was all made by hand. It was crafted by Monks on Animal skins (parchment) with goos-quails. The Chi-Rho page is considered the most beautiful page ever created.

Usually adorned with fancy paint and gold leaf. Highly decorated with colors and illustrations. Considered and treated as precious objects.

Johannes Guttenberg is credited for creating movable type. He is also credited for creating the printing press. Movable type is made up of small pieces that can be arranged and changed.

The Guttenberg Bible was created with the printing press. It was known for having 42 lines on each page. Only took 1 year as opposed to 30. Only 180 copies were produced with 1200 pages each.

• - You got a Steel piece and carved the letter into it (steel-punch) 
• - You use a malleable metal (Brass) to create a matrix in which you stamp the letter in. This can allow you to create a prolific amount of letters.
• - Hot molten Lead poured into matrix

-Created Calenarium (1499) which showcased the first pop-up/ interactive type.

Began to manipulate shape of design and text. He also had a printer's trademark (Logo) to replace his name in his texts. Anchor with Fish.

• Created the 4 books on measurement in 1522.
• He was known for utilizing white space and form in his manuscripts. His pieces have many aspects from the modern principles of design.

Created the Fantastical Alphabet along with the anatomy of the letter Q in his book Champ Fleury (1529). It showcases how to manipulate shapes and letters along with objects.

Created one of the first Serif Types in Roman and Italic styles. Serif was claimed to be easier to read in larger bodies of work. Ben Franklin Brought the typeface back and it was used in the Declaration of Independence

Had a neater and cleaner typeface than Caslon which could be because of his wife who finished typeface once he died.

Bodoni type, commonly used in newspaper, which was larger and neater.

Sandcast letters (12 line pica size). Sandwast was when molds from wax were imprinted into sand.

Mass-produced wood type was created by Darius Wells. It had a lighter weight which allows for larger letters and easier transportation. Darius Wells made the Pentograph

Comes from the word Fountain (all of the letters)

The space between lines bc actual lead was used in those spaces

Created by Darius wells. Can copy letters at many different sizes.

Offset stone lithography. Was apart of the Paris Highlife. Created posters to advertise performances and people at the Moulin Rouge. He is considered one of the first poster artists.

- A technique where you use a flat surfaced stone, color it with oil based crayon or paint, applied a chemical gum, added water, and then ink and paper to print. Each color needed a new stone. It allowed posters to be made prolifically.

Painter brothers who went under a psudonym to create an advertising agency. They often created posters that utilized negative space, simple shaped, and limited color scheme. Known for Hamlet poster.

Ran a publishing company, Kelmscott (1892) and he was inspired by illuminated manuscripts. He was against the machine. His work was very beautiful and utilized flora designs. He not only made books, but also rugs and wallpaper. Started the "Arts and Crafts Movement"

A movement that believed that everything should be beautiful. They wished to decorate the manufactured items like chairs, wallpapers, and rugs with beautiful foliage.

Alphonse Much created advertisements and posters that utilized beautiful and androgynous woman. Very sexual. They started the "Art Nouveau" movement.

A movement known in English as "New Art" that had long flowing hair, woman, sexual, and androgyny. It was beautiful with natural curves and exaggerated detail. Made by young people for young people.