The body's specific protective response to invading foreign agent or organism.
a. inflammatory response
b. immune response
b. immune response
The study of disease that result from dysfunction of the immune system.
immunopathology
What are the major component s of the immune system? (8)
1. bone marrow
2. wbc
3. lymphoid tissues
4. spleen
5. lymph node
6. tonsils
7. adenoids
8. thymus gland
manufactures RBC and WBC
bone marrow
one of the major components of the immune system where rbcs are stored, that is scattered all over the body
lymphoid tissues
the bone marrow produces what cells? (3)
rbc
wbc
platelets
how many types of wbc are present?
5
what are the classifications of the wbcs?
granulocytes
agranulocytes
what wbcs are granulocytes?
phil
1.neutrophil
2.eosinophil
3.basophil
what wbcs are agranulocytes?
cytes
1. monocytes
2. lymphocytes
lymphocytes different as _____ and _____ cells
T cells and B cells
______ is a circulating phagocytes that are posed to respond quickly and in vast numbers where the tissue injury occured
A. neutrophil
The first cell to arrive at the site; leave vascular compartment and enter tissue spaces searching out bacteria or cell debris.
C. neutrophils
Another wbc cell that is phagocytic but not ad effective as neutrophils. Are thought to protect humans against parasitic worm infections and also has a role in allergic reactions.
A. eosinophil
This type of wbc functions in allergic reactions.
B. basophil
This type of wbc circulates in the blood. It literally means big eaters. Responsible for removing antigens, damaged cells, cellular debris by phagocytosis.
A. lymphocytes
when monocytes mature they become ______
macrophages
Originates from stem cells in the bone marrow and mature into either T cells or B cells.
A. lymphocytes
where does b cell mature?
bone marrow
where does t cells mature?
thymus: where they also differentiate into cells with various functions
bone marrow produces ______
lymphoblast
lymphoblast differentiate into ____ and ____
b cells which matures in the bone marrow
t cells which matures in the thymus gland
b lymphoctes further differentiate into (2)
memory cells
plasma cells
Among the (2 ) differentiation of b lymphoctes, this one is responsibilities for producing antibodies.
plasma cells
The type of immune response where B cells are involved.
a. humoral immune response
b. cell-mediated immune response
a. humoral immune response
The type of immune response where T cells are involved.
a. humoral immune response
b. cell-mediated immune response
b. cell-mediated immune response
T cells matures in the _____, by spending time in these area these cells are programmed to be T cells rather than an anti-body producing B lymphocytes.
thymus
In the thymus, t cells differentiate into (2).
regulatory t-cells
effector t-cells
regulatory t cells further differentiates into
E. supressor t-cell
while effector t cells differentiate into ______ and ______
D. cytotoxic t-cell
c. helper t-cell
t cells are produced in the _____ and they migrate to the ____ where they mature
bone marrow
thymus
_____is primarily responsible for cellular immunity
a. t cells
b. b cells
a. t cells
attack foreign invaders directly rather than producing antibodies
a. t cells
b. b cells
a. t cells
takes time to develop antibodies
a. t cells
b. b cells
b. b cells
effector t cells includes (2)
helper t cells
cytotoxic t cells
regulatory t cells includes
supressor t cells
classifications of t cells (3)
effector
regulator
memory
Helper t-cells when activated secretes different types of _____, an intercellular mediator which attracts other cells.
cytokines
Cytokines attract and activate: (3)
activate b cells
cytotoxic cells
macrophages
Cytotoxic t-cells determines whether the immune response will be antibodies or cell mediated.
True or False
False
Helper t-cells
determines whether the immune response will be antibodies or cell mediated
This type of t-cells attack the antigen directly.
cytotoxic t cells or killer T cells
How does killer T cells destroy antigens?
alters the cell membrane causing lysis (disintegration)
This type of t cells had the ability to decrease B cells production thereby keeping immune response at a level that is compatible with health.
(Keeping the immune response sufficient to fight infection without attacking the body's healthy tissues.)
suppressor t cells
What will happen if suppressor t cells do not function well?
Immune response may turn to autoimmune disorder by fighting its own tissues and antibodies.
This type of t-cell is responsible for recognizing antigens from previous exposure.
memory t-cell
memory t-cells remains in the _____
lymph nodes
______ produce antibodies that have affinity with a particular epitope
b lymphoctes
the surface of a b lymphocyte is coated with _____
immunoglobulin or antibody
once activated b cells develop into (2)
plasma cells (antibody producing)
memory cells
What are the two types of immune function?
natural immunity
acquired immunity
It is a nonspecific response to any foreign invaders and present at birth. (eg. skin) It has a broad spectrum of defense and resistance to infection.
natural immunity
Identify if natural or acquired immunity.
Has the ability to distinguish between self and non-self.
natural immunity
Identify if natural or acquired immunity.
Activate cells for control of pathogen by eliminating or promoting the development of acquired immune response.
Natural immunity
In natural immunity immediate immune response is within _____.
4 hours
In natural immunity delayed immune response is within _____.
4h to 96h
True or false
WBC cell action is both natural and acquired immunity.
True
____ type of WBC release cell mediators.
granulocytes
agranulocytes
granulocytes
granulocytes release cell mediators such as (3) and ____ foreign substances
