AGR 504 chp 9

  1. What is the difference in hepatitis and hepatosis?
    Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, hepatosis is degeneration of the liver
  2. how does blood go through the liver
    from portal vein to the liver and then to the caudal vena cava
  3. what is the liver supposed to do
    Maintain normoglycemia, Synthesize plasma proteins, Form and excrete bile, Excrete bilirubin, Form prothrombin, Detoxify and excrete toxins
  4. what goes to the left side of the liver
    Blood from the gastrosplenic area and the lower part of the large intestine
  5. what goes to the right side of the liver
    Blood from the rest of the intestines
  6. what clinical signs do we see with liver dysfunction
    Jaundice, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Edema and emaciation, Diarrhea, constipation, Photosensitization, Abdominal pain•,Altered liver size, Displaced or ruptured liver
  7. what is jaundice
    Yellow discoloration of unpigmented skin due Elevated bilirubin concentrations
  8. what is hepatic encephalopathy
    Dull attitude, Head pressing, Ataxia, Muscle tremors/weakness, due to high levels of ammonia reaching the brain
  9. what is edema and emaciation
    fluid swelling due to Obstruction of the portal vein and General hepatic insufficiency
  10. what is maldigestion
    Diarrhea due to decreased protein production, congestion in portal vein, Constipation to liver isn’t making bile salts
  11. what is PHOTOSENSITIZATION
    sensativty light due to excess Phylloerythrin which is a breakdown product of chlorophyll
  12. what are the causes of Prehepatic (hemolytic) icterus
    before the liver such as excess hemolysis
  13. what are the causes of hepatic (hepatocellular) icterus
    directly from the liver such obstructions or toxins
  14. what are the causes of Posthepatic (cholestatic) icterus
    something after the live such as a blockage in the bile ducts
  15. What lab tests can we do to evaluate liver function?
    Serum bile acids, Serum bilirubin, Ammonia, Urea nitrogen/BUN, Albumin, SDH, LDH, AST, GGT, GDH
  16. what can serum bile acids be for
    may be high before jaundice but is typically a indicator of severity
  17. what can ammonia be used for
    ost likely to be elevated with PSS
  18. what can albumin be used for
    decreases with severe hepatic disease
  19. what can ADH be used for
    acute liver failure
  20. what can GGT be used for
    liver disease in cattle/sheep
  21. what are the scientific name of the two liver flukes
    F. hepatica and F. gigantica
  22. how can liver flukes damage the liver
    cause scarring in the liver, can block bile duct and liver
  23. What is a portosystemic shunt
    Altered blood flow through the liver leading to poor growth, neurlogic growth, and ascites
  24. What lab test might be most useful when trying to determine the presence of a shunt
    ammonia
  25. What causes’ Theiler’s disease? What’s the other name for it?
    tetanus antitoxin or blood/plasma transfusion, SERUM HEPATITIS
  26. What species is theiler's disease typically seen in?
    horses
  27. What can cause a liver abscess?
    Grain overlord, ruminitis, Umbilical infections
  28. how do you treat a liver abscess
    Penicillin's, Oxytet, Cephalosporins
  29. how do you diagnose a liver abscess
    neutrophilia, US or Anaerobic culture
  30. What agent causes red water disease and why is it called red water disease
    Clostridium haemolyticum, turns urine a red color
  31. how do you prevent red water disease
    Vaccinate animals over 6 months of age in endemic areas
  32. how do you treat red water disease
    Penicillin, tetracycline, antitoxin, Supportive care
  33. What agent causes black disease and why is it called that
    Clostridium novyi type B, cause blackening of the skin
  34. how do you treat black disease
    Penicillin
  35. how do you prevent black disease
    Vaccination for cattle and sheep, can give bacitracin in feed to pigs or try to use sheep vaccine
  36. What species carries the hepatitis E virus?
    pigs
  37. How are humans exposed to hepatitis E virus? What population of humans are most susceptible to disease from it?
    raw pig liver, immunocompromised people
  38. What plants contain PA’s? What do those toxins actually do? What animals are most affected.
    Crotalaria and Heliotriopium, Hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, and photosensitization. Cattle
  39. What is the metabolite of chlorophyll that causes photosensitization?
    Phylloerythrin
  40. What is aflatoxicosis and how do animals become exposed?
    Mycotoxin contaminant of food
  41. Which species doesn’t have a gall bladder?
    horses
  42. Can livestock be diagnosed with pancreatitis? Diabetes? Do they develop liver tumors?
    yes to all
Author
Anthill
ID
365852
Card Set
AGR 504 chp 9
Description
Updated