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what is a epoxide
a cyclic ether with O being in the cyclic molecule connected to the carbons
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what is a thioether
R-S-R
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what is a symmetrical ether
when the two R groups connected to the O are the same
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what is a asymmetrical ether
when the two R groups connected to the O are diffrent
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why are ethers good solvent
becouse they can bond to both polar and nonpolar molecules
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why can ethers bond to polar molecules
because they can form dipole-dipole and H bond interactions with polar molecules
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why can ethers bond to nonpolar molecules
because the R groups of the ethers are hydrocarbons forming dispersion forces with nonpolar molecules
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why is a crown ether attracted to metal ions
because it forms ion-dipole interactions
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what does a crown ether allow you to do
deliver metal ions to reactions
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how do you name the other side of the ether in IUPAC
do the naming prefix(methyl, ethyl, etc) then add oxy to the end, (methoxy, ethoxy, etc)
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what is a oxetanes
a cyclic ether with three carbons bonded to the O
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what is a furans
a cyclic ether with four carbons bonded to the O with the ability to have two double bonds
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what is a pyrans
a cyclic ether with five carbons bonded to the O with the ability to have two double bonds
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what is a dioxanes
a cyclic ether with four carbons bonded to two separate O at 1 and 4
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how is a alkoxide formed
take a R-OH and react with Na, K, NaH, to get R-O(-)
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what is diffrent about making a alkoxide from a OH on a cyclic molecule
you can use NaOH since it is a weaker acid
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what is williamson ether synthesis
SN2 attack of alkoxide ion on a unhindered primary halide or tosylate
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how are thioethers synthesized
R-SH reacted with NaOH to get R-S(-) which then reacts with a primary or secondary alkyl halide or tosylate
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what is peroxyacid epoxidation
alkene reacting with peroxyacid, MCPBA, MMPP, to form epoxide
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how can you form a cyclic ether
react a halohydrin and a 2,6 lutidine together
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what happins when you react a halohydrin and a 2,6 lutidine together
the lutidine takes a H from the oxygen, causing the oxygen to grab onto the carbon connected to the halogen, making the halogen leave and forming a cyclic ether
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what happens in acid catalyzed ring opening of epoxides
the bond to the more substituted carbon goes onto the oxygen leaving it positive
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what will tell you it is a acid catalyzed ring opening of epoxides
H3O(+), H(+), or H2SO4
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what happens in base catalyzed ring opening of epoxides
the bond to the less substituted carbon goes onto the oxygen leaving it positve
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what tells you it is a base catalyzed ring opening of epoxides
OH(-), H2O and OH(-), CH3ONa
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what can be done with a catalyzed ring opening of epoxides
you can take the positive carbon and have a oxygen attach to it with the oxygen losing a H to lose the +
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what is the result of Using Grignards reagents on epoxides
C- minus attaches to a mix of the carbon+ unless one has 2 or more R groups where it will attach to the less hindered carbon.
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what is reacted in a grignard reaction
Mg and ether
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what is reacted in a organlithium reaction
2 Li
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what is the result of using a organlithium reagent on a epoxide
lithium is always on less hindered carbon
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