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What are the responsibilities of a technician when selecting/administering drugs?
Right drug, Right route and timing, record Response to drug, Clarify orders that are not clear, Labeling, Direct clients on proper drug protocols, Record accurate information
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What is steady state?
distribution equilibrium, when the drug is added and metabolized at the same rate
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What does VCPR stand for?
veterinary client patient relationship, in Kentucky having physically examined the animal in the last year
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What is the purpose of a binder?
holds tablet together
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What does an emulsifier do?
helps fat-soluble and water-soluble agents to mix
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What is included in the treatment regimen?
Route, Dose, Frequency, Duration
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What’s the difference OTC vs a prescription drug?
a prescription drug requires it to be given under the supervision of a vet
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What is biotransformation?
metabolism, the body changing the drug so it can be excreted
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What are the 4 types of reactions in biotransformation in the liver and which are Phase I vs Phase II?
phase 1 is Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis. phase 2 is Conjugation
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What enzyme in the liver is mostly responsible for drug metabolism?
Cytochrome P450
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what is partition coefficient
More lipids means drug absorbs better
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what is first pass effect,
Drugs pass through liver first and drug may become more or less active
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what is concentration gradient
things go from areas of high to areas of low
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what is therapeutic index
ratio between LD50 and ED50
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what is half-life
amount of time for a isotope to reduce down to half of it's original amount
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what is LD 50
amount of material that causes death in 50 percent of animals
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what is ED 50
amount of material that causes the desired effect in 50 percent of animals
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what is affinity
a measure of how much a drug binds to receptors
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what is efficacy
the maximum response that can be achieved
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what is potency
amount needed to produce a effect
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what is elimination
removal of drug from system
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Where are MOST (definitely not all) drugs excreted from?
urine
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what is a adverse drug event
Harm caused to patient by giving a drug incorrectly, human error
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what is Adverse drug reaction
harm caused to patient even though correctly used
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what is idiosyncratic drug reaction?
harm caused through a unexpected reaction
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What is bioavailablity?
how much the drug is absorbed and enters circulation
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Which absorbs better: an ionized drug or a nonionized drug?
non ionized
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Which absorbs faster: a drug given in the SQ space or a drug given IM? Why?
IM, because it has more blood flow
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What government organizations determine the legal use of medications/antibiotics?
FDA, EPA, USDA
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What is ELDU?
extra labal drug use
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What Federal Law legalized ELDU? (And what’s it’s acronym?)
Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act, (AMDUCA)
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What drugs can be used extra-label in food animals
any drug not prohibited or restricted
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which drugs are restricted from extra label use
Antivirals, most Cephalosporins, Phenylbutazone, Sulfonamides, indexed drugs
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what drugs are prohibited from extra label use
Chloramphenicol, clenbuterol, DES, Fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides (vancomycin), Nitroimidazoles, Medicated feeds, Nitrofurans
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what is pharmacokinetic drug reaction
what happens to a drug once it enters the body
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what is pharmacodynamic drug reaction
how drugs exert their effects IN the body
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what is pharmaceutic drug reaction
Mixing drugs in a syringe or container causes a physical or chemical reaction
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What is the Green Book and what regulatory agency issues it?
list of all approved drugs, FDA
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Which agency manages topical pesticides?
EPA
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Which agency manages animal biologics?
USDA
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Which agency is responsible for animal drugs and feed additives?
FDA
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