When the body is threatened or suffers an injury, its response may involve ____ and ____ changes.
structural and functional
These changes may be _____ or _____.
adaptive (having a positive effect)
maladaptive (having a negative effect)
This system of the body functions by adjusting internal conditions, promote steady state of the organism, ensure its survival, and restore balance in the body.
Compensatory mechanisms
_______ results when cellular injury occurs at such a rapid rate that the body's compensatory mechanisms cannot make adaptive changes necessary for it to remain healthy.
Pathophysiologic process
In understanding the physiologic mechanism we must know that ______.
Each person has both an internal and external envrionment, between which information and matter continuesly exchanged.
What is the goal of the interaction of the body's subsystem?
To produce a dynamic balance or steady state (even in the presence of change) so that all subsystems are in harmony with each other.
4 key concepts in understadning the steady state.
1.constancy
2.homeostasis
3.stress
4.adaptation
A steady state within the body.
Homeaostasis
Normally,what happens when a change or stress occurs that causes a body function to deviate from its stable range?
A process is initiated to restore or maintain dynamic balance.
What happens when the adjustment processes of the body or the compensatory mechanisms are not adequate?
The steady state becomes threatended, function become disordered and dysfunctional responses occurs.
____ is a disruptive condition produced by a change in the environment that is perceived as challenging, threathening or damaging to a person's dynamic balance or equilibrium.
Stress
Stimulus that evoke the state of stress.
stressor
The desired goal so the person will again be in the equilibrium and has the energy and abiity to meet new demands.
adaptation or adjustment
This is the process of coping with stress . A compensatory process that uses cognitive and behavioural strategies.
Adaptation
_____ is an internal or external event or situation that creates the potential for physiologic, emotional, cognitive or bahvioral changes.
Stressor
What are the types of stressors?
Physical- cold, heat, and chemical agents
Physiologic stressor- pain and fatigue
Psychologic stressor - fear.
The tension produced by any stressors is sometimes a result of not only change itself , but also the ____ with which the change occurs.
speed
Categories of stress based on duration: (4)
Acute
Stressor-sequence
Chronic intermittent
Chronic enduring stressor
This type of stressor (according to duration) is time -limited.
acute.
This type of stressor (according to duration) is a series of stressful events that results from an initial event.
stressor sequence
This type of stressor (according to duration) occurs at regular intervals, such as daily hassles.
chronic intermittent
This type of stressor (according to duration) persists over time such as chronic illness, a disability or poverty.
chronic enduring stressor
True or false
Research suggest that people under constant stress have high incidence of disease.
True
What is a mediating process?
Mediating process happens after the person recognizes a stressor, consiously or unconsciously and then would manage the situation.
According to the theory developed by Lazarus; it emphasized ____ and ____ as important mediators of stress.