HHD Sustainable development goals and the work of the WHO part 1

• Global goals include 169 targets to be achieved by 2030. 
• Developed in 2015 by UN to replace the Millennium Development Goals. 
• Include ambitious targets and plans, tackle global challenges.

• - new goals and targets needed after MDG finished (2000 to 2015)
• - after reviewing MDG, progress in all areas was uneven. 
• - New global challenges emerged in 2015: increased conflict, widespread migration, economic and financial instability, and large-scale environmental changes.

• - end extreme poverty
• - fight inequality and injustice
• - address climate change

• PEOPLE
• PLANET
• PROSPERITY
• PEACE
• PARTNERSHIP

‘Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages’

• - life expectancy can increase
• - all dimensions of health and wellbeing are influenced by SDG 3
• - increases opportunities and choices in life

• - reduce maternal mortality
• pregnancy deaths are preventable

• - prevent infant and child mortality
• low birthweight babies cause 1 in 4 neonatal deaths
• children under 5 often die from preventable diseases

• - end epidemics of major communicable diseases
• major causes of morbidity and mortality in LIC

• - reduce non-communicable diseases
• 70% of global deaths each year

- achieve universal health coverage

• SDG 1: no poverty
• SDG 2: zero hunger
• SDG 3: good health and wellbeing
• SDG 4: quality education
• SDG 5: gender equality
• SDG 6: clean water and sanitation
• SDG 13: climate action

• - no poverty aims to end poverty in all it's forms including extreme poverty by 2030.
• - reduce half proportion of men women and children living in poverty
• - implementing social protection measures

• - suffer from hunger/malnutrition
• - be unable to afford education
• - lack access to sexual and reproductive health clinics

• Example response:
• The key feature of SDG 3 such as ending the epidemic of communicable diseases means that fewer experience symptoms of these conditions. As a result, more adults can attend work and earn an income which can eradicate extreme poverty globally.

• - end hunger and ensure people have access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food
• - end all forms of malnutrition
• - ensure sustainable food production systems

• - people are more likely to have vulnerability to diseases that should be otherwise survivable or preventable 
• - develop physical and mental weakness 
• - starve

• Focuses on the acquisition of foundational and higher order skills; greater and more equitable access to technical and vocational education and training and higher education; training throughout life; and the knowledge, skills, and values to function well and contribute to society
• - ensure all boys and girls complete primary/secondary
• - ensure all have access to quality early childhood development
• - eliminate gender disparities in education

• - children born to women who have received secondary schooling are twice as likely to survive compared to uneducated mothers (as they may lack health literacy)
• - increases likelihood of individuals working in unsafe jobs

• aims to empower women and girls to reach their full potential
• - end all forms of discrimination globally
• - end all forms of violence against women
• - end harmful practices like forced marriage or FGM
• - recognise and value unpaid domestic work

• girls and women are deprived of access to healthcare or proper nutrition, potentially being fed last because of their gender, leading to higher morality rates. 
• 75% of children not in school are girls.

• ensure safe water, sanitation and hygiene for all, and to also address the quality and sustainability of water resources globally
• - achieve universal access to safe drinking water
• - enable access to sanitation for all
• - support participation of local communities in water management

• - water is needed for production of safe, fresh, nutritious food
• - dehydration increases risk of mortality
• - unclean water can spread waterborne communicable diseases such as diarrhea and hepatitis

• focuses on taking action against climate change
• - improve climate change education
• - integrate climate change policies into national measures
• - strengthen capacity to adapt to climate change

• - threatens global food security and water ecosystems
• - people displaced from homes due to rising sea levels and natural disasters are likely to lack access to healthcare

• Example response:
• Deaths rates spike dramatically during times of natural disasters, which, such as rising sea levels, are caused by climate change. Therefore, by taking climate action, life expectancy can be increased, which highlights the relationship with SDG 3: good health and wellbeing.

The process of increasing the opportunities and freedoms that people have to develop to reach their full potential and lead productive, creative lies in accordance with their needs and interests. 

• dimensions:
• knowledge
• long and healthy life
• a decent standard of living

Poverty often results in lower levels of education if children are required to work to financially contribute to their family's income, rather than attending school. This reduces their opportunities for children to increase their knowledge, and limits their choices about a career. This acts as a barrier to reaching their full potential and leading a productive life. 

Hunger result in poor health and wellbeing, low levels of energy, and reductions in mental functioning. This in turn can reduce people's ability to work and learn, acting as a barrier to reaching their full potential and leading a productive life. 

Those with access to education are more likely to find employment in a higher paid job. Income allows for a higher standard of living.

• Women who are free from violence and discrimination are better able to meet their potential and lead full and productive lives. 
• Women who can work ensure the needs of their community are met, which assists in improving living standards. 

Water scarcity can lead to children often having to walk many hours a day to collect water and this can result in them missing many hours of school, reducing their opportunity to gain knowledge, and limiting their ability to meet their full potential. 

Climate change increases the risk of vector-borne diseases, contributing to children requiring more time from school and limiting opportunities to meet their full potential.

• health sector
• government sector
• sanitation sector
• NGOs

‘The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them’ (WHO, 2014).

• achieving universal health coverage
• - access to services needed to achieve good health 
• - financial protection to prevent ill-health from leading to poverty. 

• How the WHO works to achieve this priority:
• Health sector supports the education and employment of sufficient health workers globally. 
• economic, geographic, or cultural access to healthcare.
• quality of health systems.

Addressing health emergencies. 

• - health emergencies can include epidemics. pandemics, conflicts and environmental disasters
• - avoiding illness, injury, death and economic losses on a large-scale. 

• How the WHO works to achieve this priority:
• Ensuring that populations affected by emergencies have rapid access to essential life-saving health services, including health promotion and disease prevention. (government sector)
• supporting countries to increase their capacity in health emergencies.

Promoting healthier populations

• - WHO works to contribute to people enjoying better health and wellbeing
• - all areas in priority aim to promote human development. 

• How the WHO works to achieve this priority:
• Prevention of non-communicable diseases. mental illness, and injury. 
• increased access to treatment.
• cost-effective interventions, such as increase awareness and
• understanding of antibiotic use

HOW IT RELATES TO SDG 3:

• leadership/partnerships:
• provides advice to governments in relation to issues like healthy eating, such as reducing tax on fresh produce, which assists people in consuming more fruit and veg. (reducing non-communicable disease)
• research the agenda:
• developed the Essential Medicines List that provides a guide for countries in terms of the medicines that should be made available for citizens. (end epidemics on major communicable diseases)
• norms and standards:
• sets norms and standards in relation to research that is carried out. This can assist in speeding up the work that is being done to find new treatments for conditions such as cancer. (reduce non-communicable disease)
• policy options:
• develops policies such as the Global Framework Conventions on Tobacco control. This assists countries in implementing strategies such as advertising bans (prevent infant and child mortality)
• technical support:
• provides technical support such as the training of health workers. People can access health services to get access to medicines. (ensure universal health access)
• monitoring:
• monitors trends in relation to conditions such as obesity. Allows increases to be identified and interventions put in place. (reduce non-communicable disease)