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common cold
- Colds because of RSV(respiratory syncytial)
- fingers usual source of transmission
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Rhinosinusitis
refers to inflammation involving the nasal sinuses.
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Influenza
Influenza is one of the most important causes of acute upper respiratory tract infection in humans. Influenza, combined with pneumonia
Pneumonia may result from a viral pathogenesis or from a secondary bacterial infection; influenza infection promotes bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells.
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pneumonia
- respiratory disorders involving inflammation of the lung structures
- typical - infection by bacteria that multiply extracellularly in alveoli
- atypical - caused by viral and mycoplasma
- acute - lobar or bronchopneumonia
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pneumoccocal pneumonia
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
- prevent via immunisation
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Legionnaire Disease
A form of bronchopneumonia caused by a gram-negative rod, Legionella pneumophila.
The presence of pneumonia along with diarrhea, hyponatremia, and confusion is characteristic of Legionella pneumonia.
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Primary Atypical Pneumonia
- Caused by a variety of agents, the most common being Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- The atypical pneumonias are characterized by patchy involvement of the lung, largely confined to the alveolar septum and pulmonary interstitium.
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Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the mycobacterium
- primary - previously unexposed
- primary progressive - reinfection or reactivation of healed primary lesion
treatment: antibiotics while aavoiding emergence of significant drug resistance
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fungal infection
- Infections caused by the fungi H. capsulatum (histoplasmosis), C. immitis(coccidioidomycosis), and B. dermatitidis (blastomycosis) produce pulmonary manifestations that resemble tuberculosis.
- diagnosis using lab test and cultures
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cancer in the lungs
- leading cause of death worldwide
- squamous cell carcinima - most common in men and related to smoking
- adenocarcinoma - most common in north america and in women and non smokers
- large cell carcinoma - occursin periphery of lungs and spread to distance sites early
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respiratory in children
- upper airway infection
- lower airway infection
- respiratory failture
in neonates: respiratory stress syndrome aand branchopulmonary disease
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