ONE Midterm Review

slide occurs in the same direction

slide occurs in the opposite direction

Close Packed: maximum contact between joint surfaces

Open Packed: minimum contact between joint surfaces

Most Mobile: 50° of rotation

• - Facets glide superiorly and anteriorly
• - Gaps facet joints and intervertebral foramen

• Facets glide inferiorly and posteriorly
• Approximates facet joints and intervertebral foramen

• Mandibular condyle rolls anteriorly about the Articular Disc within the mandibular fossa
• Early Phase: Anterior roll at joint → net downward rotation of the mandible

• translation 
• Mandibular condyle slides anteriorly on the articular disc relative to the mandibular fossa

• 1) Temporalis
• 2) Masseter
• 3) Medial Pterygoids

unilateral hypomobility toward side of deflection

• C-Pattern: 1 abnormal lateral shift towards
• side of hypomobility
• S-Pattern: 2 abnormal shifts due to bilateral
• hypomobility, Could be muscle imbalance

Final position of mandible is still in midline

• The disc, which is shown in yellow, is forward, or anterior, of the jaw condyle.
• When the jaw is opened, the disc can click or pop, and then the jaw follows its normal opening. Clicking can also occur on closing

• Functional Depression: 3 fingers
• Lateral glide: 5-10 mm (from uppter teeth)
• Protrusion: 5-10 - bottom of uppter to top of bottom

• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
• Subscapularis

• 1. Supraspinatus Tendon
• 2. Subacromial Bursa - Bursa: fluid-filled pad that cushions tendons form repetitive contact with bone
• 3. Long head of biceps brachii

• Action: Supination & Pronation
• - Convex radial head spins over concave ulna

• Ulnar (Medial) Collateral Ligament
• Radial (Lateral) Collateral Ligament
• Annular Ligament

• ADDUCTION force is applied to distal forearm to
• test ULNAR ligament

ABDUCTION force is applied to distal forearm to test ULNAR

• Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Pressure of stretching of the ulnar nerve
• causing weakness, paresthesia down the arm into the 4th and 5th finger

Bony protuberance on humerus - attachment site for wrist flexors

Medial Epicondylitis or Golfer’s Elbow

• Tunnel formed by the arch of the carpal bones &
• flexor retinaculum
• PC 7

lordotic curve

kyphotic curve

Susceptible to injury and early degeneration

EXCEPT L4-L5

• facets are angled differently which allows for more rotation
• - High incidence of facet joint arthrosis

SIJ ligaments

• Men: stronger and thicker ligaments → less mobility
• Women: relative laxity → more mobility
• - Increases due to hormonal fluctuations (relaxin) during menstruation and pregnancy

• -Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
• -Posterior sacroiliac ligaments (short/long)
• -Sacrotuberous (UB 35)
• -Sacrospinous

• Piriformis - reflexive spasm
• Biceps Femoris
• Thoracolumbar Fascia

• Shortened thoracolumbar and weak abdominals
• Closed and locked lumbar facets → degenerative changes

• Lengthened low back muscles
• Open and unstable lumbar facets

Associated with anterior pelvic tilt

• Middle and lower abdominals
• Glute Max
• Hamstring

• Knee flexion: 120 to 130
• Knee extension: 0 to -10
• There is tibial and femoral rotation with knee flexion, but this rotation can’t be
• measured

“Screw Home” mechanism: rotationbetween tibia and femur with knee extension to lock knee into extension

• Red Zone: peripheral Vascularized and have a good chance of healing
• Red-White Zone:  Some vascularity, may heal depending on tear
• White Zone: Avascular, do not heal well

• - prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur, valgus stress
• - Higher incidence of injury, plant and twist motion

Very common overuse injury

Causes: micro trauma to patella tendon from extreme forces such as jumping/landing, rapidacceleration/deceleration

• Patient often reports of anterior knee pain localized around tendon
• Modalities: gua sha around tendon

• “Runner’s Knee”
• Repetitive stress of the patella moving on the femur