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Define Motivation
The forces within a person that affect his or her direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior
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Define Needs
Deficiencies (biological, psychological, social) that energize or trigger behaviors aimed at satisfying these deficiencies, or needs
Unfulfilled needs, if strong enough, create a tension within us that influence us to act
Needs are typically produced by innate drives or instincts, but can also be produced by learning
(e.g., we all need to eat, but not everyone needs challenging work to be motivated)
Slide 67 pg. 135
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Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory
5 categories in a hierarchy, from lower to higher levels. Needs stop motivating when they’re substantially satisfied
- Physiological
- Safety
- Belongingness
- Esteem
- Self-Actualization
Slide 68 pg. 135
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Four-Drive Theory (Need)
- Acquire - to take
- Bond - Form Relationships
- Learn - Satisfy Curiosity and Resolve Conflicting Info
- Defend - Need to protect
Slide 69 pg. 135
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***McClelland’s Learned Needs Theory***
- Need for achievement - Desire for challenging and somewhat risky goals, feedback, recognition
- Need for affiliation - Desire to seek approval, conform, and avoid conflict, Try to project a favorable self-image
- Need for power - Desire to control one’s environment, Personalized versus socialized power
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Expectancy Theory of Motivation
Effort --> Performance --> Outcome
Believing that performing at particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined as effort-performance relationship
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Valence:
perceived sat/dissatisfactiontoward outcome
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Goals and Goal Setting
slide 72 pg. 146
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Effect Feedback
- Credible
- Specific
- Relevant
- Timely
- Sufficiently Frequent
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Multisource (360-degree) Feedback
Evaluated Employee
Feedback from everyone - customers, supervisors, co-workers, leader, subordinates
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Executive Coaching
Consulting executives to become better managers.
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Equity Theory
Is something fair, equitable, just?
- Outcome/input ratio
- inputs -- what employee contributes (e.g., skill)
- outcomes -- what employee receives (e.g., pay)
- Comparison other
- person/people against whom we compare our ratio
- Equity evaluation
- compare outcome/input ratio with the comparison other
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Reference Groups
Groups/individuals who provide us with a frame of reference/measuring stick to evaluate our lives or life-specific situations
When we don’t measure up, we can feel relative deprivation, or lower in value relative to those we are using as a frame of reference
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relative deprivation
When we don’t measure up, we can feel relative deprivation, or lower in value relative to those we are using as a frame of reference
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