NURS 6630 lecturio

preganglionic neuron receptor
A. ACh for para division
B. NE for sym division
C. ACh for both division
D. ACh for sym division

postganglionic neuron receptor 
A. ACh
B. muscarinic
C. NE
D. nicotinic 

postganglionic parasympathetic neurotransmitter
A. ACh and NE
B. Muscarinic
C. Nicotinic
D. ACh only

postganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitter
A. ACh only
B. ACh and NE
C. muscarinic
D. NE only

Neurotransmitters released by the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system act on which of the following target cell receptors?
A. Muscarinic receptors
B. Adrenergic receptors
C. Alpha-1 receptors
D. Alpha-2 receptors
E. Beta-2 receptors

target cell receptors with ACh for the postganglionic sympathetic neuron fibers?
A. Alpha and beta
B. nicotinic
C. Alpha only
D. muscarinic

target cell receptors with NE for the postganglionic sympathetic neuron?
A. Alpha and beta
B. nicotinic
C. muscarinic
D. Alpha only

The motor cortex is located in which of the following areas of the brain?
A. medulla
B. pons
C. cerebellum
D. cerebrum
E. amygdala

Which one of the following is the first-line therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety?
A. Benzodiazepines
B. SSRIs
C. TCAs
D. Psychotherapy

First-line treatment and the gold-standard intervention in the management of insomnia is which one of the following?
A. Relaxation therapy
B. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
C. Bright light therapy
D. Biofeedback

What is the most superior part of the brainstem?
A. cerebellum
B. cerebrum
C. pons
D. midbrain
E. medulla oblongata

Which of the following is the last cranial nerve to carry parasympathetic nerve fibers?
A. glossopharyngeal nerves
B. facial nerve
C. oculomotor nerve
D. vagus nerve
E. splanchnic nerves 

Which area of the brain is least involved in emotional circuits?
A. prefrontal lobe
B. pons
C. amygdala
D. hippocampus
E. hypothalamus

What part of the brain is affected in expressive aphasia?
A. non-dominant inferior parietal lobe
B. non-dominant temporal lobe
C. dominant frontal lobe
D. dominant temporal lobe
E. non-dominant frontal lobe

What part of the brain is affected in receptive aphasia?
A. non-dominant inferior parietal lobe
B. dominant frontal lobe
C. non-dominant frontal lobe
D. non-dominant posterior temporal lobe
E. dominant posterior temporal lobe

Which ion is most likely to pass through the nAchR?
A. calcium
B. potassium
C. chloride
D. magnesium 
E. sodium 

What type of signal transmission in a synapse allows one-way transmission from presynaptic neuron to postsynaptic neuron?
A. action potential 
B. chemical transmission
C. graded potential 
D. electrical transmission

What is NOT one mechanism of removing a neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?
A. diffusion
B. uptake into cells
C. enzymatic degradation
D. osmosis

Which of the following statements about pharmacodynamics is correct?
A. pharmacodynamic phase studies the amount of drug that is excreted into breast milk
B. pharmacodynamic phase is concerned about the amount of drug that is metabolized by the liver
C. pharmacodynamic phase is related to the drug-receptor interaction and its biological effect
D. pharmacodynamic phase is concerned with drug absorption
E. optimization of the pharmacodynamic phase improves drug availability

What is the main reason behind limited bioavailability of benzylpenicillin?
A.  The beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin is highly prone to acid catalyzed intermolecular hydrolysis
B.  The beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin is highly prone to alkali catalyzed intermolecular hydrolysis.
C.  The beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin is highly prone to H2O2 catalyzed intermolecular hydrolysis.
D.  The beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin is highly prone to acid catalyzed intramolecular hydrolysis.
E.  The beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin is highly prone to alkali catalyzed intramolecular hydrolysis

The acetylation of the hydroxyl groups of codeine does which of the following?
A. It masks the lipophilic nature and enhances the BBB crossing capabilities of codeine.
B. It exposes the polar nature and enhances the BBB crossing capabilities of codeine.
C. It masks the neutral nature and enhances the BBB crossing capabilities of codeine.
D. It masks the lipophilic nature and suppresses the BBB crossing capabilities of codeine.
E. It masks the polar nature and enhances the BBB crossing capabilities of codeine.

A parent drug is primarily polarized by the cytochrome P450 system during which phase(s) of drug metabolism?
A. Phase 3
B. Phases 2 and 3
C. Phase 1
D. Phase 2
E. All phases

In which phase of metabolism do some drugs undergo further processing in preparation for excretion into bile?
A. Phases 1 and 2
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phases 2 and 3
E. Phase 1

Hepatic metabolism of most drugs results in the following:
A. the daughter drug is less lipophilic than the parent drug
B. increased volume of distribution
C. the daughter drug is more hydrophobic than the parent drug 
D. glucuronidation through phase 1 process cytochrome P450
E. the daughter drug is more lipophilic than the parent drug

Nortriptyline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6. Which statement regarding homozygotes for inactive alleles of cytochrome P450 2D6 is most accurate?
A. They have lower nortriptyline levels in the blood than patients with 2 active genes.
B. Homozygotes for inactive alleles of cytochrome P450 2D6 are not possible.
C. They require a higher dose of nortriptyline to achieve the same concentration seen in patients with 2 active genes.
D. They require a higher dose of nortriptyline to achieve the same concentration seen in heterozygotes.
E. They have higher nortriptyline levels in the blood than heterozygotes.

Which of the following is NOT associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
A. Increased dopamine receptor sensitivity
B. Decreased brain size
C. Abnormal temporal lobe
D. Increased dopamine

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of bupropion?
A. It selectively induces dopamine re-uptake.
B. It is an antagonist of nicotine receptors.
C. It inhibits noradrenaline release from the presynaptic neuron.
D. It inhibits dopamine release from the presynaptic neuron.
E. It selectively induces noradrenaline re-uptake.

What possible side effects should a nurse mention when educating a client about the prescribed SSRI medication? Select all that apply.
a. Headache
b. Weight gain
c. Insomnia
d. Nervousness
e. Lack of coordination

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of the first-line agents used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A. GI disturbances
B. Sexual dysfunction
C. Mood swings
D. Decreased seizure threshold
E. Night sweats