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Utilitarianismism allo labeled as
consequentialist
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puts emphasis on the effects or results that an act/conduct brings
Utilitarianismism
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what solely matters is the result of the deed
Utilitarianismism
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consequentialist asks questions like: 2
- "what good will come from doing this?"
- "what benefit can one get in performing
- such an act?"
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for __, "no action/act can be considered good/ bad, right/wrong, apart from its outcome/end."
consequentialists
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characteristic of utilitarianism, puts emphasis on pleasure, happiness/ contentment
Ethical Hedonism
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declines pain/unhappiness as possible effects of certain actions.
Ethical Hedonism
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According to __ nobody in the right mind will do something to inflict pain & suffering upon himself
pain/unhappiness is something that we all avoid
Hedonism
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The principle of utility is made by
jeremy bentham
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denote the element whether an act can be good. right is its utility or usefulness
The principle of utility
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a saying that says an action is morally right if it produces the greatest overall happiness for the largest number of individuals
the greatest good for the greatest number
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a saying that the aim is to do whatever makes the majority happy.
the greatest good for the greatest number
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determine morality by measuring the amount of pleasure/pain, happiness/ unhappiness.
Bentham's Hedonic calculus
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help individuals, lawmakers,legislators decide what to be done in given set of circumstances
Bentham's Hedonic calculus
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- in greek means “pleasure"
Hedons
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- science of calculation
Calculus
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7 The Hedonic Calculus
- Intensity
- Duration
- Certainty
- Propinquity
- Fecundity
- Purity
- Extent
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the more intense the pleasure, the better
Intensity
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one do an act that offers stronger degree of happiness.
Intensity
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the longer the pleasure lasts, the better.
Duration
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one perform actions that provide longer experience of happiness.
Duration
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the more certain the pleasure, the better.
Certainty
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one pursue actions where their expected pleasure are more probable.
Certainty
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the nearer, closermore often the pleasures occur, the better.
Propinquity
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one do an act that brings immediate pleasure
Propinquity
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the greater possibility that an act can provide more pleasure after doing it, the better.
Fecundity
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the purer the pleasure, the better.
Purity
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if u have pleasure only in conjunction w/ pain, better not pursue the act.
Purity
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part of hedonic calculus that says the greater the number of people who can exprience happiness, the better.
Extent
-
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a kind of pleasure that says greatest happiness of greatest number of people is top priority
Quantity
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Does not value the amount of pleasure that follows from it
Quality
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3 Strengths of utilitarianism
- Declines selfishness & self interest
- Its better to base on ceince rather than metaphysical assumption
- Provide one absolute moral principle
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3 Weaknesses of utilitarianism
- Right of minority is overlooked
- Trying to obtain pleasure can’t justify an act is morally good/bad
- Raise question: “ is the act good bcs it is pleasurable” or “it is pleasurable because it is good”
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utilitarianism claims that morality is simply a matter of
instrument
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men are governemed by two sovereign masters
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utilitarianism is founded by (2)
- Jeremy bantham
- John Stuart Mill
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T or F utilitarianism is a modern ethical theory
True
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T or F utilitarianism champions pursuit of common good
T
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T or F U considers the motive in assesment of an act
F
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T or F U advocates maximation of leasure over pain
T
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T or Futiliarianism pursue tha act that gives more happiness to minority
F
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T or F the act itself is given consideration by utili
F
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T or F the result of the action is prime consideration of U
T
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