-
tranverse processes
attachment point for mm and ligament
-
-
intravertebal foramina
- exit for nerve root
- with age, dehydrate and shrink (cause radiating shooting pain)
-
cerivical spine
c0-c2
- Headache
- - Fatigue
- - Vertigo
- - Poor concentration
- - Hypertonia of sympathetic nervous system
- - Irritability
- - May be cognitive/cranial nerve/sympathetic system dysfunctions
-
c0-c1
- atlanto occipital jont
- mainly flexion and extension
- minimum to no lateral flexion/rotation
- c0- convex
- c1 - concave
- alar ligament
-
c1-c2
- most mobile: 50% of rotation
- consider this if hypomobile
- held by tranverse ligament
- tranverse ligament
-
important structures
- alar ligament
- tranverse ligament
-
tranverse limanent tear
sticks out
-
vertebral artery
- runs through tranverse foramina in c1-c6
- Supplies 20% of the blood supply to the brain (m
- vertebral artery test
-
certical isntablity signs
- Severe muscle spasm
- ● Patient does not want to move head
- ● Lump in throat
- ● Lip or facial paresthesia
- ● Severe headache
- ● Dizziness
- ● Nausea and Vomiting
- ● Nystagmus
- ● Pupil changes
refer out
-
C3-C7
- flexion: c5-c6
- extension: c6-c7
- cervicobrachail
- von luschka joint control rotation adn lateral flexion
- see:
- - Neck and/or arm pain
- - Headaches
- - Restricted ROM
- - Radiating pain/numbness
- - Altered myotomes/dermatomes
-
flexion biochechanics
Facets glide superiorly and anteriorly
-
Extension Biomechanics
Facets glide inferiorly and posteriorly
-
Side Bending Biomechanics
- Same Side (ipsilateral) downsloping
- - facet moves inferiorly and posteriorly
- Opposite Side (contralateral) upsloping
- - facet moves superiorly and anteriorly
-
Rotation Biomechanics
same as side bending
- Same Side (ipsilateral) downsloping
- - facet moves inferiorly and posteriorly
- Opposite Side (contralateral) upsloping
- - facet moves superiorly and anteriorly
-
cervix curve
lordodic curve
-
Cervical Intervertebral Discs
- 6 Discs located between the adjacent vertebrae
- Tough outer ring (annulus fibrosus) protects gel-like interior
- (nucleus pulposus) -“jelly donut”
- Distribute heavy loads placed on disc
- Dehydrates and stiffen with age
- ○ This degeneration can cause the disc to herniate
-
Disc Herniation
- The inner core extrudes through outer layer and puts pressure on
- nerve root/spinal nerve
- 1) Age (between ages 30-50)
- 2) Trauma, excessive and repetitive strain
- *No blood supply and few nerve endings so it can’t repair itself
- usually C5-6 and C6-7 for cervical spine
-
Disc Herniation symptoms
- Pain ranging from aching, numbness, radiating in the neck/arm/hand
- Hand weakness
- typically felt on one arm (unless multiple discs are
- affected)
- ○ Symptoms vary depending on which nerve root is impinged/inflamed
-
cervical nerves
- 8 nerve roots, 7 vertabrae
- C1-C7 exits above assigned
- vertebra
- ○ C8 runs below C7
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