Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory

• Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory: a model of memory which outlines the three separate stores of memory (sensory, short-term, and long-term) each of which interact through the
• processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information that has been previously encountered.

Encoding – The process of encoding involves converting the raw information from external stimuli into a useable form which is stored in the brain for later use.

Storage – This converted information is then retained in the brain and accessed and used in the future.

Retrieval – Accessing information which has previously been stored in long-term memory and bringing it to conscious awareness in short-term memory.

Sensory memory: a store of memory which very briefly stores raw information detected by the senses

Echoic memory – Temporarily stores auditory information or sound which is detected in the environment (3-4 seconds)

Iconic memory – Temporarily stores visual information for a brief amount of time (0.2-0.4 seconds)

Short-term memory (STM): a store of memory that temporarily stores a limited amount of information that is consciously being attended to and actively manipulated

Long-term memory (LTM): a store of memory in which a potentially unlimited amount of information is stored for a relatively permanent amount of time.