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In a Liquid Cooling environment: There is a natural point of rack density where cooling ceases at about ___________-__________KW per rack
There is a ____________ ________ _____ ____ _______where cooling ceases at about 15-20KW per rack.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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In a liquid cooling environment what is the response to removing more heating?
Moving more air across the chip space is the response to this.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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Graphic computational unit (GPU) and computer processing unit (CPU). The graphical processing unit (GPU) spot heat transfer is called _______,and also handle operations in parallel and thus works well with AI.
This is called flux in the GPU liquid cooling environment. Spot heat transfer.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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The ____ ______ is the device that allows liquid cooling direct to a smaller loop for liquid cooling, or cold plates within the sever racks and to the devices themselves they call a CDU: coolant distribution unit. They are connected to various components.
What is the cold-plate in a liquid cooling design.
- Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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In liquid cooling they use terminology in acronym form such as the following: What do they mean?
CWS?
FWS?
TCS?
- CWS: condenser water system
- FWS facility water system
- TCS: technology cooling system.
- Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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The heat plate where all the heat is collected. It is important to know that not all the heat is rejected to the liquid and is also shared to the conditioned air space. _____-_____% is rejected to liquid and the rest is rejected to the air space.
What is 75%-80% of the heat is rejected to liquid and the rest is rejected to ________ _______.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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What.... in a liquid cooling data center provides the cooling loop to the CDU (cooling distribution unit)?
The manifold does this in this type of cooling.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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What typically in a liquid cooling data center collects and rejects heat? Not what is responsible for transferring heat from surfaces with high heat loads to the fluid used within a liquid cooling system.
Chillers or condensers do this with the heat in this type of data center.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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The performance of this is critical in defining the overall effectiveness of a liquid cooling system in a data center.
A Liquid Cold Plate (LCP) is responsible for efficiently transferring heat from surfaces with high heat loads to the fluid used within a liquid cooling system. The performance of the liquid cold plate is critical in defining the overall effectiveness of a liquid system.
- Source: https://www.boydcorp.com/thermal/liquid-cooling-systems/liquid-cold-plates.
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Test engineers will run multiple cooling capacity tests to make sure the liquid cooling system delivers expected performance at various heat loads. The result will be presented in a performance graph showing?
cooling capacity (Watts) versus temperature differential Delta T (∆) at a given ambient temperature is given for this type of cooling system for the cooling capacity tests from the factory. Typically.
Source: https://lairdthermal.com/thermal-design-services/testing/testing-liquid-cooling-systems
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For Liquid Heat Exchangers, temperature differential (ΔT) for performance graph is calculated by?
subtracting ambient temperature and temperature of liquid out to customer application.
source: subtracting ambient temperature and temperature of liquid out to customer application.
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For Liquid Chillers, performance is graphed as
For these, _________ is graphed by heat load at a given setpoint at various ambient conditions.
Source: https://lairdthermal.com/thermal-design-services/testing/testing-liquid-cooling-systems
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An AI rack might have 50KW and 40KW to the liquid system and 10KW of that total amount is rejected to the air. The rack KW today is usually ____-_____KW per rack.
What is the rack KW of a system using Liquid cooling and previously they used 3-5KW per rack.
Source: Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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What is the difference between room cooling and liquid cooling regarding components?
- The difference in components used in the following systems is:
- Liquid cooling system: manifolds & CDU's
- Room cooling system: in row unit or rear door HX and/ or perimeter cooling with thermal walls.
- Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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In liquid cooling, Cold Plate: GPU and CPU are producing most of the heat but the channels within the cold plate run about 150Microns for cooling and filtration is about 50microns and we want those to be about half the width of the channels. What is normal for the cooling temps on these channels in F?
Regarding a __________: 84-90F is normal for the cooling temps on these channels.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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The following statement represents what? Flow rates are 1 gallon every 4 seconds leaving the rack.
Cold plates have this amount in gallons for every so many seconds leaving the rack.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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If glycol is used with the liquid cooling system that means that what is required? And what % of the liquid cooling system is typically glycol?
stainless steel is required in this application with liquid cooling. Specifically manifolds. 20% is typically glycol.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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What is the amount of KW heat rejected to the air from a liquid cooling system at 100KW per rack?
20KW per rack of this is rejected in this way.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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In a liquid cooling system, these are manufactured as leak proof and water proof and cannot be seen when plugging them in. They are called blind mates. What are they?
- These are called manifolds.
- Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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What is required when filling the GPU units (racks) when using liquid cooling?
Valves are normally open for manifolds. Air venting is required when filling the units. Then a long run to eliminate bubbles.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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What is required for overhead manifolds?
Leak detection is required.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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In a liquid cooling data center what equipment type is explained using the following description? ________ serves as an interface to secondary heat exchange (plates, etc.) and the chiller itself. Chillers are at 150PSI and cold plates are typically pressure rated within single digits. The ______ has a controller with its own pump that controls that flow rate precisely as it flows into the cold plate and are generally liquid to liquid. Some are liquid to air
This describes the CDU (cooling distribution unit).
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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If someone says this is installed in a row next to liquid cooled racks in a liquid cooled data center that exhaust to hot aisles this would tell you what about the design?
- This would tell me they use liquid to air CDU's (cooling distribution units).
- Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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All you need is space and capacity to install the __________. You do not need chilled water at all for this retrofit and can greatly increase capacity within that data center.
What are the benefits of a liquid to air CDU used in EBCx.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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This is described as (smaller retrofit) one fluid loop entry and exits within a rack. That means the CDU feeds into the bottom and into the manifold and the secondary loop to the chiller plant goes out of the top of the rack.
What is in rack CDU's and a description of how many fluid loop entry and exits exist at the CDU.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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This describes what is a liquid cooling data center? ________heats up to 85-90F as it runs through the servers and then gets knocked back down to what it was coming in. These are more often than not fan assisted on the doors so that we can not have to rely on the server fans. It is recommended to provide fans additionally to assist server fans.
This describes rear door cooling.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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In a liquid cooling data center, these are meant to work with existing sites. The compressors, heat exchanger, is in the space itself. Vertiv has a product that can allow a retrofit of an existing DSE (data service environment) and gets replaced by the Liebert XDM250 to provide cooling to the cold plate itself without the CDU in the middle. Can you turn over a portion of an existing space to liquid cooling? Now you can.
located in the mechanical gallery or the perimeter of the room.
- This describes split air-cooled chillers.
- Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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Identify some critical questions to ask when assessing for liquid cooling within a space?
- 1. Intended rack KW density & # of racks. What is the change?
- 2. Net IT KW change to room? Change in retrofit?
- 3. Net rack # change to room? (should be considerably less)
- 4. It ownership model (liability)
- 5. IT heat rejection ratio to liquid?
- These are all good questions to ask for a liquid cooling design.
Source: Tifft Gaffin -Vertiv 4/23/24 CEU 304 Implementing Liquid Cooling in the Existing Data Center Space
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What are the most common types of liquid cooling solutions?
- all-in-one (AIO)
- Custom loop liquid cooling
- Closed loop liquid cooling
Source: Charles Nehme, Liquid Cooling for Data Centers, 2024,
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