BIO 100 Lab Final

groups of cells that cooperate to perform a specific function

multiple tissues

the union of an egg and sperm cell

the combination of the genetic information of two individuals to create a new genetic chimera

the primary method of reproduction in multicellular organisms

cells or organisms that are genetically identical to each other

complete set of genetic information

DNA broken into many smaller, easy to manage segments

two complete sets of chromosomes; one from the father and the other from the mother

corresponding chromosomes; one from mother one from father; similar, but not identical

half a diploid

the sequence and timing of the events involved in the process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

cell accumulates resources and prepares itself for the subsequent phases; bulking up

the copying of a cell's genetic material

the result of every single nucleotide of every chromosome being copied; identical, linked

the second period of preparation

the recently copied DNA is carefully segregated into two complete sets and the cell physically divides into two genetically identical daughter cells

the separation of the cytoplasm

consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases

the DNA in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible as chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids that are held together at the centromere; the nuclear membrane that encloses and protects the chromosomes in the cell begins to disassemble

the sister chromatids form a line in the center of the cell

the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

a new nucleus forms around each of the two new sets of chromosomes

form of reproduction where two distinct types of specialized sex cells called gametes fuse together to combine their genetic content

male gamete

female gamete

occurs when germ cells produce gametes

non-sex cells, most of the cells in our body

the specific genetic information needed to synthesis one protein

the different versions of a gene

diploid genomes that have two of the same allele for a given gene

when the diploid has two different alleles of given gene

the physical properties and traits of cells and organisms

homologous chromosomes swap genetic information

chromosomes lineup in middle

homologous chromosomes are split up and pulled to the side of the side

cells split apart

separate homologous chromosomes

separate sister chromatids; phases are the same as regular mitosis

a trait that appears whenever an individual had the allele for the trait

a trait that only appears when the gene for the dominant trait is absent

process by which a normal, healthy cell develops into a rogue cancer cell

physicians that specialize in cancer

the most common autosomal recessive condition in people of northern European heritage, occurring in about 1 in every 3,000 births; thick lung mucus

heterozygous for alleles responsible for recessive diseases or conditions

describes changes in life over time

when nature "selects" the forms or variants of an organism that were more successful

provide for better success in each particular environment

a change in a DNA sequence

the specific combination of alleles for every gene in an organism's genome

when each population has its own particular population of alleles

within the gene pool, each allele is present in a certain proportion

changes in the allele frequency of a population due to pure chance

when a population is decimated leaving only a few random survivors from which to rebuild it

small immigrating population

any movement of individuals, and the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

the lengthy process of change by which organisms displaying certain traits, like modern humans, originated from a common hominid ancestor

the scientific study of human evolution

the term scientists use to describe the subfamily of hominids that evolved some or all the distinctive human features

variable regions of a person's genome; show the unique differences between the DNA of two individuals

short sequences that repeat over and over again at a particular site on a chromosome

the bowl thing; receptacle

the stir thing

multiple allele variants of a gene

tarsier, lemur, mandrill, gorilla

grasping hands and feet, fingernails instead of claws, and fingerprints

gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and orangutan

tailless, behavioral features

cranial breadth (width from temple to temple)/ cranial length (length of forehead to back of head) X 100

cranial breadth (temple to temple)/ facial breadth (cheekbone to cheekbone) X 100

facial projection length (auditory canal to upper jaw)/ total skull length (upper jaw to back of skull) X 100

vertebral attachment length (foramen magnum to back of skull)/ total skull length X 100

incisor length (first 2 teeth)/ canine length (3rd pointy tooth) X 100

a group of individuals of the same species that share a common gene pool and share a common habitat

the change in the number of individuals in a population

produces a steep, rapidly ascending J-shaped growth curve

produces a sigmodal, or S-shaped curved

the measure of the growth of a population over a specific period of time

the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can sustain indefinitely

when a rapidly growing population will temporarily surpass the carrying capacity

a rapid and sometimes cataclysmic population readjustment

the loss of a species population in every habitat that it occupies

one of hundreds of the different bacterial species that typically resides in your large intestine where it assists you in your digestion and the uptake of essential molecules like Vitamin K

disease causing

25, 30, 37, 42 degrees