Fascioliasis (common liver/sheep liver fluke)

Fasciola hepatica

• Mature as adults
• in the liver
• parenchyma into
• biliary ducts

Trematodes( Flukes )

• acute phase
• -inflammation, tissue destruction, and toxic/allergic reactions. Nonspecific symptoms/signs (e.g.,abdominal pain, nausea,vomiting, hepatomegaly,malaise, fever, cough) andlaboratory abnormalities(e.g., peripheral eosinophilia, elevated
• transaminase levels) may develop

• chronic phase
• - inflammation or blockage of
• bile ducts or the gallbladder
• (e.g., cholangitis,
• cholecystitis), which can be
• intermittent. Inflammation
• of the pancreas may also
• occur.

1. Immature eggs are discharged in the biliaryducts and passed in thestool embryonatedeggs releasemiracidia invading thesnail

• 2. The cercariae arereleased from thesnail and encyst asmetacercariae on aquatic vegetation or
• other substrates.

Humans and othermammals

• domestic andwild ruminants(mostcommonly,sheep, cattle,and goats;also, camelids,cervids, and buffalo
• consuming
• metacercariaecontaminated
• vegetation

Humans and othermammals becomeinfected by ingestingmetacercariaecontaminatedvegetation (e.g.,watercress)

 Eggs can be detected bylight microscopy duringthe chronic (adult) phaseof infection. Eggs can berecovered from stool ormaterial obtained byduodenal or biliarydrainage or aspiration endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP]) for Adult flukes