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Name the 6 types of reactions
Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, neutralization, combustion
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synthesis
synthesis equals combination. an element and another element combine to create a compound. Remember to check ion charges.
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decompostion
a compound is simply broken down into elements or into simpler compounds
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single replacement
an element reacts with a compound to produce a new compound and an element.
when the element is a metal, it replaces metal in other compound. When the element is a non-metal, it replaces the non-metal in the other element.
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double replacement
2 ionic compounds react to form two new ionic compounds
* inside inside outside outside.
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neutralization
neutralization is a type of double replacement reaction. It involves an acid and a base.
The way to recognize a neutralization reaction is that it always produces a salt and water
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neutralization is endothermic or exothermic?
Neutralization reactions are exothermic. Energy released from the formation of water is very strong. !!
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combustion reaction
A combustion reaction is one where a covalent compound involving carbon and hydrogen reacts with oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water. Combustion reactions are exothermic.
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difference between single replacement and combustion
single replacement is element + compound, whereas combustion is always ( carbon hydrogen something) + oxgyen
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difference between double replacement and neutralization
double replacement is compound + compound, whereas neutralization is acid + base = salt and water
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three rules of acid naming
- 1) binary acid rule. An acid with hydrogen + another element, like HCl is named hydrochloric acid
- 2) I ate something, and it tasted ic. HNO3 = nitric acid
- 3) If it ends in ite, it goes to ous. H2SO3 = sulfurous acid
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identifying acids by name
- acids always begin with H+.
- The exception is CH3COOH ( acetic acid, or vinegar).
- Although HOH starts with H, water is neutral, so its not an acid
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Identifying acids by taste
Identifying bases by taste
common characteristics of acids and bases (touch):
- acids tast sour -> think lemons.
- Bases always taste bitter -> think soap
Both acids and bases are corrosive.
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reading pH scale increases and decreases
- a decrease of 1 = 10x more acidic, and 10x more H+ ions
- a increase of 1 = 10x more basic, and 10x more OH- ions
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what are salts?
Salts are ionic compounds formed when an acid and base react
Salts don't contain H at start of OH at end.
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ways salts can be produced
1) acid base neutralization. As we know, when acids and bases react, they form salts and HOH.
2) Metal + acid. The metal will steal the anion from Hydrogen and leave hydrogen gas (h2) by itself.
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properties of acids
- compound type: They are covalent, but act very much ionic, and we consider them so
- formula: starts with H, or CH3COOH
- reaction with metal: you know its an acid when bubbles (H2) is released in reaction
- ion production: H+
- conducts electricity: yes
- pH < 7
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properties of bases
- type of compound: ionic
- formula: ends with OH
- reaction with metals: no reaction
- ion production: OH-
- conduct electricity: yes
- pH > 7
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properties of salts
- created: by the reacction of acids and bases
- type of compound and formula: ionic
- reaction with metal: no
- ion production: varies
- conducts electricity: yes
- pH varies
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exothermic reaction
A reaction that releases energy from the system into the surroundings. system energy down, surroundings energy up
- exo = exit
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- the products have less energy than reactants
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where is energy represented in exothermic reaction?
energy is represented on the products side, b/c energy is a product of this reaction
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endothermic reaction
a reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings into the system. system energy up, surroundings energy down
endo = enter
the products have more energy than the reactants
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where is energy represented in an endothermic reaction
energy is presented in the reactants side, because its going into the reaction
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